scholarly journals Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in an adolescent with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul I. Hariadi ◽  
R. Alexander Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

<em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> (MAC) is the most frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria implicated in opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated MAC (dMAC) has become a rare entity. This unique case of dMAC was diagnosed in an adolescent with newly diagnosed perinatally- acquired HIV infection whose initial CD4 cell count was severely depleted and viral load was extremely high. While maximized treatment regimen had not been able to control his dMAC, improvement was noted when granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was added. GM-CSF should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory dMAC.

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

Hodgkin’s disease and HIV infection (HD-HIV): Prognostic factors in 596 patients (pts) within the group of European Cooperation on AIDS and Tumors (GECAT).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8058-8058
Author(s):  
Michele Spina ◽  
Josep-Maria Ribera ◽  
Jean Gabarre ◽  
Christoph Wyen ◽  
Silvia Montoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cd4 Cell

8058 Background: Hodgkin’s disease (HD) is the most common non-AIDS defining tumour diagnosed in HIV setting. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has opened a new prospective in the treatment of pts with HD-HIV as the better control of the underlying HIV infection allows the use of more aggressive chemotherapy regimens, including high dose chemotherapy. However, up to now prognostic factors on overall survival (OS) or time to treatment failure (TTF) have not yet been identified. Methods: In order to identify prognostic factors, we analyzed data on 596 pts with HD-HIV diagnosed and treated in 90 different Institution of 6 European countries from October 1983 to March 2010. All factors were analyzed for OS and TTF. Results: 86% of pts were male and the median CD4 cell count was 224/dl (range 3-1274); 52% of pts had mixed cellularity subtype, stages III-IV were diagnosed in 72% of cases and 55% of pts had extranodal involvement (bone marrow 35%, spleen 21%, liver 14%). The table summarizes the results of multivariate analysis. Conclusions: We identified a new “European Score” for HD-HIV able to predict different outcomes in these patients. This score should be considered for future prospective studies. [Table: see text]

Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced AIDS with CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 in a resource-limited setting: efficacy and tolerability

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnuek Sungkanuparph ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul ◽  
Weerawat Manosuthi ◽  
Wiphawee Kiatatchasai ◽  
Asda Vibhagool
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cd4 Cell

In developing countries, patients often present late with advanced AIDS and a very low CD4 cell count. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in HIV-infected patients who had been initiated into highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3. There were 159 patients of mean age 36.6 years and 60.4% had previous major opportunistic infections. Mean CD4 was 22 cells/mm3 and 80% had HIV RNA>100,000 copies/mL. The majority of HAART regimens is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based (81.8%). In as-treated analysis, 50, 71.2, 79.7, 79.4, and 80.1% of patients achieved undetectable HIV RNA (<50 copies/mL) at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 weeks, respectively. The corresponding mean CD4 counts were 95, 125, 166, 201, and 225 cells/mm3. Twenty two patients (13.8%) had adverse drug events and half of these had to discontinue HAART. Initiation of HAART in advanced AIDS with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3 is effective, safe, and well tolerated and should not be delayed.

scholarly journals Trends in Mortality From Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1984–2016: An Autopsy-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Nizami ◽  
Cameron Morales ◽  
Kelly Hu ◽  
Robert Holzman ◽  
Amy Rapkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Context.— With increasing use and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining conditions have decreased. Objective.— To examine trends in the cause of death of HIV-infected patients who underwent autopsy at a major New York City hospital from 1984 to 2016, a period including the major epochs of the AIDS epidemic. Design.— Retrospective review of autopsy records and charts with modeling of trends by logistic regression using polynomial models. Results.— We identified 252 autopsies in adult patients with AIDS (by 1982 definition) or HIV infection. Prior to widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in 1984–1995, on average 13 autopsies per year were done. Post–highly active antiretroviral therapy, the average number of autopsies declined to 4.5 per year. The fitted mean age at death was 35 years in 1984 and increased curvilinearly to 46 years (95% CI, 43–49) in 2016 (P &lt; .001). By regression analysis, mean CD4+ T-cell count increased from 6 in 1992 to 64 in 2016 (P = .01). The proportion of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections decreased, from 79% in 1984–1987 to 41% in 2008–2011 and 29% in 2012–2016 (P = .04). The frequency of nonopportunistic infections, however, increased from 37% in 1984–1987 to 73% in 2008–2011 and 57% in 2012–2016 (P = .001). The frequency of AIDS-defining and other malignancies did not change significantly during the study period. The prevalence of atherosclerosis at autopsy rose dramatically, from 21% in 1988–1991 to 54% in 2008–2011 (P &lt; .001). Conclusions.— Despite limitations of autopsy studies, many trends in the evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic are readily discernable.

scholarly journals Lymph node co-infection of Mycobacterium avium complex and cytomegalovirus in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Hedjazi ◽  
Marzieh Hosseini ◽  
Amin Hoseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are known to have an increased tendency for developing opportunistic infections. However, there are no reports of simultaneous lymph node involvement of <em>cytomegalovirus</em> and <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. We report a 31-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and tenderness and weight loss. He died a few hours after admission. Autopsy studies showed coinfection of <em>cytomegalovirus</em>, <em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> and <em>human immunodeficiency virus</em>. Our case emphasizes the need to be careful in evaluating opportunistic infections in severely immunodepressed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. This case report is the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this patient.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Peritonitis in an AIDS Patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihenew Negatu ◽  
Eyasu Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Peritonitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is uncommon. The risk for MAC in AIDS patients is greatest in those with severely depressed CD4 count. The organs most commonly involved in disseminated MAC infection include spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and intestines. The involvement of peritoneum by MAC infection is rare. This is a case of MAC peritonitis in a 26-year-old female AIDS patient who is noncompliant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This patient presented with abdominal pain and distension, anorexia, diarrhea, and cough. She was treated with rifabutin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol along with atovaquone for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis and so the patient’s condition improved. MAC peritonitis should be considered in a patient presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms in the setting of AIDS and low CD4 count.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HIV-INFECTED

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Timofeeva ◽  
O. Ya. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation.  It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases. 

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