scholarly journals Structural Constraints to African Continental Free Trade Area: Prospects, Issues and Policy Options

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ogujiuba Kanayo
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Trade Area

The foremost intents of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) predicates on the integration of the African continent into mobile flows of trade and investment. This framework is structured to boost industrial development within the continent. However, statistics show an abysmal trade performance for Africa in comparism to the rest of the world. In contrast, projections indicate that the benefactors of the AfCFTA framework would be SMEs in the short term, which account for more than 75% of the continent’s businesses. Notwithstanding Africa’s resolve to disassemble trade restrictions, barricades to intra-African trade have persisted. Conversely, the scheduling of AfCFTA stands in sharp contrast with an international perspective framed by a tenacious increase in trade-restrictive processes. The pertinent question remains, can the objectives of AfCFTA increase Intra African Trade, given the persistent structural barriers in the continent. Using a desktop approach and secondary data, this article examines contemporary issues, which encumber trade within and amongst the regional blocks. From our examination, the foremost obstacle to AfCFTA have a fundamental political focus rather than an economic dimension. Accomplishing AfCFTA objectives would entail a strong political will and efforts by political leaders in Africa; if the barriers are effectively fixed, AfCFTA could attain a welfare improvement projected at over 16 billion dollars.

scholarly journals South Asian Free Trade Area and Indo-Pakistan Trade

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (4II) ◽  
pp. 943-958
Author(s):  
Indra Nath Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Preferential Trading ◽  
The Impact

Preferential trading is one of the mildest forms of an integrative arrangement. Under the arrangement, the Contracting States (CS) offer a preferential margin with respect to trade barriers in relation to their MFN rates. CS having disparate levels of development as well as trade regimes, find this an acceptable instrument for initiating regional trade liberalisation. Such an arrangement nevertheless provides the building blocks towards accelerated regional trade liberalisation culminating in a free trade area within a defined time frame. Under a free trade area the CS eliminate all trade restrictions on their mutual trade, while maintaining restrictions in their trade with non-CS at a level they deem appropriate. When all CS decide on a common external tariff, then the arrangement translates itself in a more cohesive customs union. The arrangement translates to a common market when all CS agree not only to allow free movement of goods and services, but all the factors of production including capital and labour. Finally, the most comprehensive form of an integrative arrangement results from an economic union, which integrates national economic policies of CS and leads to the adoption of a common currency. The Agreement on South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA), which became operational since December 7th, 1995 thus, symbolises the beginnings of the very first stage of an integrative arrangement among the member countries of SAARC. The decision made at the Twelfth SAARC Summit at Islamabad in January 2004 to launch South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) from January 2006 would mark the second stage of the process of integration in the region. The main focus of this paper is to assess the impact of SAPTA on Indo-Pak trade.

Advancing Regional Integration in Africa through the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
African Union ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

AbstractThe past decade and a half of the new millennium has ushered in dramatic changes to the architecture of world trade creating both opportunities and challenges for Africa’s development. The paper is critical of the recent paper of the World Bank that resuscitates the approach to trade liberalization and regional integration propagated by the Washington Consensus. The paper argues that African countries should adopt a “development integration” approach to regional integration that seeks to combine trade liberalization, industrial development and infrastructure development. The paper urges the World Bank and Africa’s trading partners from the north and south, such as the EU, the US and China, to work closely with the African Union to advance the negotiations and implementation of the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) and the African Union Agenda 2063.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengawasan Serta Pengaruh Kawasan Berikat Terhadap Arus Kas, Beban Pajak Dan Aktivitas Ekspor Pt.Xyz

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Valentina
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Free Trade Area ( FTA ) is a part of globalization. In order to support the economy, Indonesian government provides many facilities in taxation. One of them is through the bonded zone facility. Bonded zone is given to company which using export as their main activities. In this research, the authors want to analyze the supervision of this facility and the influence of the bonded zone toward cash flow, tax expenses and export activity of PT. XYZ. This study used descriptive qualitative method, where the author observed directly in the field through interviews. Primary data used are interview and literatures, documents of PT. XYZ and regulation used as secondary data. This study limits the period of PT. XYZ before accepting the bonded zone facility and afterhand, ie 2016-2017. The results of this research found that there is still a weakneeses in terms of supervision but the savings in terms of taxation need to be considered. Therefore, the authors analized that this bonded area facility is worth maintaining.

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