Advancing Regional Integration in Africa through the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
African Union ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

AbstractThe past decade and a half of the new millennium has ushered in dramatic changes to the architecture of world trade creating both opportunities and challenges for Africa’s development. The paper is critical of the recent paper of the World Bank that resuscitates the approach to trade liberalization and regional integration propagated by the Washington Consensus. The paper argues that African countries should adopt a “development integration” approach to regional integration that seeks to combine trade liberalization, industrial development and infrastructure development. The paper urges the World Bank and Africa’s trading partners from the north and south, such as the EU, the US and China, to work closely with the African Union to advance the negotiations and implementation of the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) and the African Union Agenda 2063.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA TERHADAP KOMODITI TEKSTIL INDONEISA PERIODE 2008-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Raudah Aghnia Ahda ◽  
Made Siti Sundari ◽  
Idfi Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
T Test ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This study aims to determine whether there is different value between exportand import performance before ACFTA and after ACFTA by developing hypothesis from the previous studies. To test the proposed hypothesis, this Study employed the independent samples t-test with data from the World Bank database. The case study was carried out with concern on textile business between Indonesia and China. The results indicate that the exports value has different mean following the free trade agreement. Similar result occurs at the import value of textile from China toIndonesia.

Agreement Establishing The African Continental Free Trade Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1083
Author(s):  
James Thuo Gathii
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
African Union ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World

On May 30, 2019, the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force for the twenty-four countries that had deposited their instruments of ratification. When the remaining thirty-one member states of the African Union ratify it, the AfCFTA will cover a market of 1.2 billion people and a gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.5 trillion. That would make it the world's largest trade agreement since the World Trade Organization (WTO).

scholarly journals Trade Creation dan Trade Diversion Indonesia dengan AANZFTA pada Komoditas Garam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Dwi Tjahya Nugraha ◽  
Tony Irawan ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World Bank

ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) is a free trade area formed in 2009. One of its implementations is the reduction of import duties on salt commodities in 2011. Its implementations has an impact on trade creation (TC) members and trade diversion (TD) on salt commodities product. The objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence TC and TD on salt commodity. Import demand elasticity and substitution elasticity approach for TC and TD estimation models was developed by the World Bank. The result is no all AANZFTA’s members get profit in the form of TC but just TD with dominated by Australia (99%) and other member (1%). --------------------------------------------- ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) adalah kawasan perdagangan bebas terbentuk pada tahun 2009. Awal pembentukannya adalah adanya penurunan tarif bea masuk komoditas garam. Kebijakan tersebut berdampak terhadap trade creation (TC) dan trade diversion (TD). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis terjadinya TC dan TD pada komoditas garam. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah elastisitas permintaan impor dan elastisitas substitusi untuk estimasi model TC dan TD yang dikembangkan oleh Bank Dunia. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah adanya keuntungan berupa TC dan TD yang didominasi oleh Australia (99%) dan anggota lainnya (1%).

Trade Potential in Arab Nations: The Case of the GCC and PAFTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Dadakas
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Potential Measure

Abstract We examine trade flows for Arab nations concentrating on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Pan-Arab Free Trade Area (PAFTA) areas, to identify opportunities to enhance intra-Arab trade and facilitate regional integration. We employ panel data for the years 2003–2017 and a structural gravity model together with an “aggregate” trade potential measure that treats the GCC and PAFTA areas as single countries. Results suggest that, by 2015, intra-area trade had reached maximum capacity for both blocs. Potential to trade also reached capacity with many of the largest Free Trade Areas around the world, however, opportunities for trade expansion that still exist with the MERCOSUR and ASEAN, as well as many distinct destinations, can assist in strategic planning to enhance integration efforts.

Recent Developments in the Regulation of Investor-State Dispute Resolution: Any Lessons for the Southern African Development Community?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 180-204
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ngobeni ◽  
Babatunde Fagbayibo
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
African Union ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
African Development ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract In 2016, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) amended Annex 1 of the SADC Protocol on Finance and Investment (FIP) in order to remove investor access to international arbitration or Investor-State Dispute Resolution (ISDS). The recent formation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Agreement (T-FTA) are factors that will likely curtail SADC’s ability to regulate foreign investments. Both AfCFTA and T-FTA are supposed to have their own investment protocols. This means that SADC faces the loss of regulatory authority over foreign investments. The recent formation of the Pan African Investment Code (PAIC) has shown that some African Union (AU) Member States want to provide ISDS for their investors, while others including SADC Members States do not. This article intends to evaluate the lessons SADC can learn from other jurisdictions in terms of the effective regulation of ISDS.

scholarly journals Maritime Transport Services in ASEAN-China Free Trade Area-Liberalization and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Transport Services

Maritime transport, as an international transportation, plays an imperative role in global trades. At present, the negotiation on maritime transport sector faces with difficulties. This brief article tries to indicate the challenges of maritime service trade liberalization in CHINA-ASEAN free trade area; to find out the ways to promote maritime trade liberalization.

Cross-Cumulation Arrangement as FTA Under GATT Article XXIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Jong Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Free Trade Areas ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT A cross-cumulation arrangement helps manufacturers meet the demands of the global value chain economy by facilitating the sourcing of intermediate products within the territories of participants in the arrangement. It is a de facto free-trade area formed by a network of bilateral free-trade areas underpinning the arrangement. However, a cross-cumulation clause provided in a bilateral free-trade area that underpins a cross-cumulation arrangement is inconsistent with General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Articles I and III because the intermediate products from the participants in the arrangement are more favorably treated than products from non-participants in the arrangement. The GATT inconsistencies of a cross-cumulation clause cannot be justified by the GATT Article XXIV exception, because a cross-cumulation clause of a bilateral free-trade area derogates from the free-trade area’s aim by facilitating trade in intermediate products between the free-trade area parties and non-parties to the free-trade area that are participants in the arrangement. In contrast, a cumulation clause provided in a free-trade area contributes to the free-trade area’s aim by facilitating trade in intermediate products between the parties to the free-trade area. To bring a cross-cumulation arrangement such as the Regional Convention on Pan-Euro-Med Preferential Rules of Origin into conformity with World Trade Organization law, the arrangement and its underlying free-trade areas should be recognized as a de jure free-trade area under GATT Article XXIV and notified to the World Trade Organization as such. A large cross-cumulation arrangement as a mega-free-trade area is likely to contribute to the world trading system by harmonizing divergent free-trade area rules of origin and providing an efficient mechanism for the formation of a mega-free-trade area.

Indonesian Visions of Regionalism: From Yudhoyono to Jokowi

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rüland
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Leadership Frame ◽  
Interpretive Frame ◽  
European Regional

With the “leadership frame,” the chapter unearths a new interpretive frame of the Charter from 2009 onward, suggesting a gradual return of extant ideas of Indonesian foreign policymaking. The chapter also scrutinizes the internalization of the new EU-inspired ideas of regionalism. The litmus tests were events in which the territorial and economic sovereignty of Indonesia was challenged, such as the disputes with Malaysia over maritime borders and the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area. The response to these events showed that most stakeholders except civil society threw overboard many of the liberal-cosmopolitan values associated with European regional integration. Last, the chapter examines whether this ideational reversal continued under the Jokowi government and suggests that the latter did not abruptly break with the foreign policy of his predecessor. Many of the seemingly new Jokowi policies had their roots in the second term of the Yudhoyono presidency.

Sharing globalisation gains would encourage free trade

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethnic Factors ◽  
The Imf

Subject The October annual meetings of the IMF and the World Bank devoted attention to ailing (or even failing) globalisation. Significance Global trade growth has slowed recently, and although much of this slowdown has been due to structural factors, greater protectionism has also played a part. These factors will persist and the world will gradually adjust to a 'new normal' for global trade. The IMF, along with other multilateral agencies such as the OECD, are studying rising inequality and other factors thought to be driving the protectionist trend in order to consider ways in which gains from trade can be shared more equally in coming years. Impacts Globalisation benefits have been uneven but the benefits of moving to less free trade are likely to be no more equal. Setting policy to reinvigorate trade requires not only economic incentives to be considered, but also social, regional and ethnic factors. Technology will continue to lower transportation and communication costs, putting pressure on labour markets; robotics will add to this.

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