scholarly journals Estimation of surface parameters from a 30 metre micro-meteorological tower over a deep moist convective region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
R. PRADHAN ◽  
U. K. DE ◽  
P. K. SEN
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Similarity Relation ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Tower ◽  
Eddy Diffusivities ◽  
Similarity Relations

The estimation of u*, 0*, q*. and Obukov-length In the surface layer from micro-meteorological tower data still poses an important challange. In the present study a procedure for the parametric estimation has been developed which is consistent both with the similarity relation and the profile relation. The study has been done using both fast response and slow response tower data. Since similarity relations involve a particular level z. so inspite of starting from a layer, the parameters should be attributed to a  relations involve a particular level only, It has been suggested that the convenient level is geometric mean height of the layer. The ratio of eddy diffusivities (KhKm.) has been estimated both for stable and unstable situation and this ratio is presented by a single expression which incidentally yields a new value of a constant involved.  

scholarly journals Nervous Control of Movement in Annelids

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
DONALD MELVIN WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
Slow System ◽  
Fast Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Nerve muscle preparations of the segmental nerves and associated muscles have been made using a nereid polychaete, Neanthes brandti (Malmgren). 2. Two kinds of response, differing in threshold and latency, were found. The ‘fast’ response is large at the first shock and (at frequencies above 1/sec.) decreases thereafter. The ‘slow’ response is small but facilitates with repetition at frequencies above 10/sec. Facilitation reaches a maximum after 3 or 4 shocks. 3. Isolated parapodia show several distinct reflex movements to mechanical and chemical stimuli. These must involve motor neurons in the parapodial ganglion. 4. Stimulation of the segmental nerves of the leech, Hirudo, evokes facilitating muscle potentials resembling in most details those of the ‘slow‘ system in Neanthes. 5. The ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ responses are discussed in comparison with other invertebrate systems, especially those of arthropods. The ‘slow’ responses in annelids show less facilitation. The ‘fast’ responses of polychaetes fatigue quickly and are probably useful only in ‘startle’ responses.

scholarly journals Logicality and Invariance

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bonnay
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Relation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Logical Constants ◽  
Similarity Relations ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of giving a principled characterization of the class of logical constants. According to the so-called Tarski–Sher thesis, an operation is logical iff it is invariant under permutation. In the model-theoretic tradition, this criterion has been widely accepted as giving a necessary condition for an operation to be logical. But it has been also widely criticized on the account that it counts too many operations as logical, failing thus to provide a sufficient condition.Our aim is to solve this problem of overgeneration by modifying the invariance criterion. We introduce a general notion of invariance under a similarity relation and present the connection between similarity relations and classes of invariant operations. The next task is to isolate a similarity relation well-suited for a definition of logicality. We argue that the standard arguments in favor of invariance under permutation, which rely on the generality and the formality of logic, should be modified. The revised arguments are shown to support an alternative to Tarski's criterion, according to which an operation is logical iff it is invariant under potential isomorphism.

scholarly journals Model Driven PID Controller in Water Heater System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Tommy Hondianto ◽  
Erwin Susanto ◽  
Agung Surya Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Tuning Pid Parameters

PID controller has been widely used as one of the basic property controllers in industry. However, tuning PID parameters is not simple and also has a few problems in handling slow response systems, such as boiler. Therefore, the Model Driven PID (MD PID) control is designed for solving these problems, especially for plants or processes with slow response. The MD PID is using the model of the plant itself as the basic model of the controller. In this research, we will show the performance of water heater system step response with MD PID controller compared to the conventional PID controller (PI controller). The MD PID closed-loop system is expected to give fast response, stable, and no overshoot.

Model Driven PID Controller in Water Heater System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Tommy Hondianto ◽  
Erwin Susanto ◽  
Agung Surya Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Tuning Pid Parameters

PID controller has been widely used as one of the basic property controllers in industry. However, tuning PID parameters is not simple and also has a few problems in handling slow response systems, such as boiler. Therefore, the Model Driven PID (MD PID) control is designed for solving these problems, especially for plants or processes with slow response. The MD PID is using the model of the plant itself as the basic model of the controller. In this research, we will show the performance of water heater system step response with MD PID controller compared to the conventional PID controller (PI controller). The MD PID closed-loop system is expected to give fast response, stable, and no overshoot.

scholarly journals Root selection methods in flood analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Parmentier ◽  
J. Dooge ◽  
M. Bruen
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Splitting Parameter ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the 1970s, de Laine developed a root-matching procedure for estimating unit hydrograph ordinates from estimates of the fast component of the total runoff from multiple storms. Later, Turner produced a root selection method which required only data from one storm event and was based on recognising a pattern typical of unit hydrograph roots. Both methods required direct runoff data, i.e. prior separation of the slow response. This paper introduces a further refinement, called root separation, which allows the estimation of both the unit hydrograph ordinates and the effective precipitation from the full discharge hydrograph. It is based on recognising and separating the quicker component of the response from the much slower components due to interflow and/or baseflow. The method analyses the z-transform roots of carefully selected segments of the full hydrograph. The root patterns of these separate segments tend to be dominated by either the fast response or the slow response. This paper shows how their respective time-scales can be distinguished with an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes. As an illustration, theoretical equations are derived for a conceptual rainfall-runoff system with the input split between fast and slow reservoirs in parallel. These are solved analytically to identify the reservoir constants and the input splitting parameter. The proposed method, called "root separation", avoids the subjective selection of rainfall roots in the Turner method as well as the subjective matching of roots in the original de Laine method. Keywords: unit hydrograph,identification methods, z-transform, polynomial roots, root separation, fast andslow response, Nash cascade

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