scholarly journals Effect of row spacing and plant density on grain yield and yield components of Crambe abyssinica Hochst

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
André Zoz ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Travis Wilson Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Plant Densities

Understanding the influence of row spacing and plant density on grain yield and yield components of crambe is critical in order to obtain higher grain yields. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and plant density on grain yield and its components in crambe in two distinct regions of Brazil (Marechal Candido Rondon-PR, MCR-PR, and Botucatu-SP, BTU-SP). Narrow and wide row spacing (0.20 and 0.40 m) combined with four plant densities (15, 25, 35, and 45 plants m-1) were evaluated in a randomized block layout with four replications in a 2 × 4 factorial design. The experiment at BTU-SP was run under rainfed conditions with supplementary irrigation, whereas the experiment at MCR-PR was run under rainfed conditions without supplementary irrigation. Both experiments were run in soils classified as Oxisols. There was no interaction between row spacing and plant density. Highest grain yield with supplementary irrigation was observed at 0.20 m row spacing. Without irrigation, row spacing did not affect grain yield owing to the plasticity of crop. The highest grain yield was observed with approximately 30 plants m-1 at both experimental locations. A strong negative correlation was observed between final plant population and number of grains per plant. There was high plant mortality, particularly at high plant densities cultivated under irrigation. Higher mortality occurred because of high intraspecific competition and a larger disease incidence due to the higher humidity in the irrigated experiment. A mechanism of self-adjustment by plant density was observed in crambe, with its intensity dependent on plant density and environmental conditions, such as water and nutrient availability and light incidence.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater outperformed freshwater for barley irrigation in arid lands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezar H. Samarah ◽  
Khaled Y. Bashabsheh ◽  
Naem Th. Mazahrih
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The high demand of barley for animal feed and the scarcity of fresh water increase the need for the reuse of treated wastewater as an alternative source for irrigation. Therefore, two-field experiments were conducted to study physiological processes, plant growth, grain yield and yield components of four-barley cultivars grown under four-irrigation treatments using treated wastewater or fresh water. Plants of four-barley cultivars (ACSAD176, Rum, Athroh, Yarmouk) were exposed to four-irrigation treatments: 1) Full-irrigation using treated wastewater (FWW); 2) Supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater (SWW); 3) Supplementary-irrigation using fresh water (SFW); 4) Non-irrigation treatment (Rainfed). Full- or supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater reduced stomatal resistance and increased plant photosynthetic rate, plant height, grain yield and yield components as estimated by grain number plant-1 and 1000-grain weight compared with rainfed conditions. Plants grown under supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater produced higher grain yield than those grown under supplementary-irrigation using fresh water. Rum cultivar had the highest grain yield among cultivars grown under irrigation. Under rainfed conditions, Rum and ACSAD176 had the highest grain yield. In conclusion, supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater improved grain yield of barley and can be a better choice to conserve water and reduce the risk of plant lodging at the end of the growing season. Irrigation barley using treated wastewater did not change heavy metal (Zn, Cd, and Pb) concentrations in soil or harvested grains.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Density and Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Coastal Sandy Land Area in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Xuan Minh ◽  
Nguyen Cong Thanh ◽  
Tran Hau Thin ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tieng ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huong Giang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Plant Densities

Background: Understanding the effects of different plant densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of peanut L14 is essential for designing and adjusting management practices to improve yield. Methods: Five planting densities were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2019 spring crop on the coastal sandy land area in Dien Chau district, Nghe An, Vietnam. Result: The different density treatments affect the growth, development and yield of the peanut variety L14. With increasing plant density, the number of pod per plant, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight decreased, whereas plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production increased. Population yield increased with increasing plant density from the lowest density of 25 plants m-2 (2.78 tons ha-1), reached the highest at 35 plants m-2 (4.53 tons ha-1), then decreasing with increasing plant density. Peanut variety L14 is grown in plant densities and row spacing of 35 plants m-2 (25 cm × 25 cm) and 40 plants m-2 (25 cm × 20 cm) are most appropriate; plants grow, develop better and give a higher yield than other densities under the same conditions.

A note on leaf removal in hybrid maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
K. P. P. Nair ◽  
K. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Hybrid Maize

SummaryThe effects of differing degrees of leaf removal was studied in maize at different stages of growth and in varying plant densities. In control (untreated) plants significantly lower grain yield/unit area at the higher density (90000 plants/ha) was associated with greater barrenness, percentage of lodging and time taken for silking. Increase in plant density from 60000 to 90000 plants/ha led to a reduction in length and diameter of the ear and in weight of 1000 grains. Delay in the time of leaf removal from the tasselling stage until 10 days later increased yield, number of ears, ear length, diameter and test weight and decreased percentage of barrenness and lodging.Leaf removal adversely affected yield and yield components (number of ears, percentage of lodging, ear size and test weight of 1000 grains). Complete leaf removal at tasselling time delayed silking and reduced lodging.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zerihun Sinta ◽  
Gezahegn Garo
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Ethiopia is endowed with diverse agroecologies suitable for the production of tropical, subtropical, and temperate vegetables. Agronomic practices such as plant density and fertilizer management are known to affect the crop environment, which influences the growth and ultimately the yield. So far limited research has been done on plant density determination and rate of nitrogen fertilizer in Ethiopia in general and the study area in particular. Thus, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield and yield components of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Four plant densities (133 333, 100 000, 80 000, and 66 666 plants per hectare) and four nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N ha−1) were arranged in a factorial combination in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the main and interaction effects of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on total root yield, root length, root fresh weight, root diameter, and total soluble solute of beetroot were significant. The highest root yield of beetroot was achieved from the combination of 66 666, 80 000, and 10 0000 plant ha−1 with 92 kg N ha−1, whereas the lowest root yield of beet was obtained from the combination of 0 kg N ha−1 with a planting density of 133 333 plants ha−1. The economic analysis showed that higher net benefit and marginal rate of return were obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha−1 with plant densities of 66 666 plants ha−1. In order to prevent excessive production costs, the use of 66 666 plants ha−1 combined with the application of 92 kg N ha−1 is recommended.

scholarly journals Increasing population density reduces soybean yield components and productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37042
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Almeida Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina De Santana Soares ◽  
Melina Rodrigues Alves Carnietto ◽  
Alexandrius De Moraes Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Yields

Studies addressing the interaction of different spatial arrangement in soybean are needed in order to achieve management that leads to higher grain yield associated with rational seed use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components and productivity of an undetermined growth type soybean as a function of different row spacing and plant densities. The treatments consisted of three row spaces (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m) and three plant population densities (30, 40 and 50 plants/m²). There was no interaction of row spaces and plant population on soybean yield. Regarding the overall spacing average, the grain yield of the population of 30/m² plants was higher than the productivity of the populations of 40 and 50/m² plants. The largest populations reduce plant sizes due to greater competition between plants. In addition, smaller populations promote higher individual plant yields due to the increase components of the production. This characteristic is defined as the ability of the plant to change its morphology and yield components in order to adapt to the conditions imposed by the spatial arrangement.

scholarly journals Calibration and test of the cropgro-dry bean model for edaphoclimatic conditions in the savanas of Central Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Jacqueline Leite Meireles ◽  
Antonio Roberto Pereira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Francisco José Pfeilsticker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Bean Crop

Simulation models are important tools for the analysis of cultivated systems to estimate the performance of crops in different environments. The CROPGRO- model (DSSAT) was calibrated and validated using Carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to estimate yield and the development of the crop, sown in three row spacings (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m) and two fertilization rates (300 and 500 kg ha-1 of 4-30-16 N-P-K), in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. To calibrate the model a combination of the genetic coefficients that characterize the phenology and morphology of the dry bean crop was used to obtain the best possible fit between predicted and observed anthesis and physiological maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), yield components, and grain yield for the 0.6 m row spacing. To test the model the experimental records of the 0.4 and 0.5 m row spacings were used. In both, calibration and test, the performance of the model was evaluated plotting observed and predicted values of LAI and TDM versus time, using the r², and the agreement index (d) as statistical criteria. In relation to yield and yield components the percent difference between the observed and predicted data was calculated. The model appeared to be adequate to simulate phenology, grain yield and yield components for the Carioca bean cultivar, related to different levels of fertilization and row spacing, either during calibration or the testing phase. During the test, the grain yield was overestimated by less than 15.4%, indicating a potential use for the calibrated model in assessing climatic risks in this region.

Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry-farming systems in Sudan

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out over a 3-year period at two locations in the central rainlands of Sudan under rainfed conditions at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other to study the effects of cultivars and cultural practices on growth and grain yield of sunflower. Four cultivars, namely, Manohurian, Peredovik, Hungarian-A and Hungarian-B and four intra-row spacings of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm (in rows 60 cm apart) were tested with three sowing dates starting on 15 July and following at 15-day intervals. Manchurian outyielded the other three varieties under supplementary irrigation whereas under rainfed conditions the reverse was true. This was attributed to the relative earliness in flowering of the varieties and their moisture requirements. Manchurian was the tallest with the thickest stem and a larger head at both locations compared with the other three varieties. Under rainfed conditions, the early sowing date of 15 July gave a significantly higher grain yield than the other two sowing dates, with the last sowing date of 15 August giving significantly least. This is attributed to decreasing moisture availability with delayed sowings. But under supplementary irrigation the effect of sowing date was less marked. Contrasting effects of sowing dates on plant height and stem circumference were obtained under the two systems of production. Under rainfed conditions there was a decrease in plant height and stem circumference with delayed sowing, whereas under supplementary irrigation the reverse was true. A contrasting response of plant height to spacing was also obtained; wider intra-row spacing was associated with taller plants under rainfed conditions and shorter plants under supplementary irrigation. Wider spacing was associated with thicker stems and larger heads at both locations. On the evidence obtained, 45 cm intra-row spacing is recommended for rainfed planting and 30 cm intra-row spacing for irrigated production of sunflower.

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