scholarly journals Effect of the Edgecumbe earthquake on mechanical and process equipment at the Tasman Mill

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Hodge ◽  
M. Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Total Material ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mechanical Plant

This paper reviews the mechanical damage and the impact on the processes resulting from the March 2 1987 earthquake. Despite the potential hazards present in a pulp and paper mill as a result of the operating processes, there were no process related failures although there was significant damage to structures and some mechanical plant. Mechanical damage can be seen to be relatively small being about one third of the total material damage and representing less than one per cent of the replacement value of the mill complex, highlighting the fact that such mechanical plants are not particularly high risks.

Impact of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent on Phytoplankton and Macroinvertebrates in River Nzoia, Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salome Ojunga ◽  
Frank O. Masese ◽  
Julius O. Manyala ◽  
Lazare Etiegni ◽  
Augustino O. Onkware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the impact of a kraft pulp and paper mill effluent in Kenya, on River Nzoia downstream of the discharge point in relation to changes in water quality during May to June and November 2008 (rainy and dry seasons, respectively). Total phosphorus concentration increased from 0.027 mg.L-1 upstream to 0.04 mg.L-1 downstream. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was 0.51 mg.L-1 upstream and 0.86 mg.L- 1 downstream. Nitrate concentration stood at 1.18 mg.L-1 upstream compared with the 2.23 mg.L-1 downstream. The pH changed from 4.5 to 5.0 upstream to 5.5 to 6.0 downstream, while DO increased from 6.57 to 7.03 mg.L-1 downstream. The BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand after five days) values remained almost unchanged from 4.63 mg.L-1 upstream to 4.67 mg.L-1 downstream. Taxon composition of phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates correlated with adverse environmental gradients resulting from the mill's effluent discharge. Overall, there was a shift in composition and abundance of both phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates, with the downstream site recording high numbers of tolerant taxa (i.e., Microcystis sp. and Chironomus sp.). It was recommended that water quality monitoring with effluents of this nature be done using a combination of chemical analysis and biological indicators such as phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates.

GAC adsorption treated pulp and paper mill effluents using ozone as a pre-treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kreetachat ◽  
M. Damrongsri ◽  
P. Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gac Adsorption

This research examined the impact of ozonation on lignin-derived and aliphatic compounds ratio (L/A ratio) in secondary pulp and paper mill effluents. Afterwards, adsorption process was employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of ozonized compounds on granular activated carbon (GAC). Phenol and isopentanoic acid (IPA) were practically used as substitute of lignin-derived and aliphatic compounds, respectively. The paper presents the results obtained at laboratory scale with ozone and GAC adsorption as a mean to obtain effluents suitable as reclamation for pulp and paper industry, which requires very stringent limitation in terms of DOC and color removal. The conversion of recalcitrant nature of pulp and paper mill wastewater had been moderate in term of L/A ratio after time interval of ozonation. After ozonation pre-treatment, the adsorption experimental was performed to investigate the adsorption behaviors of phenol and IPA from aqueous solutions onto GAC compared with the decolorization behaviors in real effluents. The best isotherm models fitted to phenol and IPA adsorption on PPHO were determined in the order of Ridlich-Peterson isotherm > Langmuir isotherm > Freundlich isotherm. The IPA was adsorbed strongly on GAC as compared with phenol due to its properties. The maximum adsorption capacity of phenol and IPA on GAC were 0.32 g.g-1 and 0.65 g.g-1, respectively. As result in real effluents, the adsorption capacity of color from the ozonized effluents on GAC was 132.93 ADMI unit.L/mg which was much higher than those of non-ozonized effluents (78.78 ADMI unit.L/mg) and synthetic lignin solutions (55.97 ADMI unit.L/mg).

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