Entrepreneurship in Regulated Markets: Framing Contests and Collective Action to Introduce Pay TV in the U.S.

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Gurses ◽  
Pinar Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Regulated Markets ◽  
Pay Tv ◽  
The U.S

Good Faith in Sovereign Debt Restructuring: Mapping a Shift from Enforcement to Voluntary Compliance

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dania Thomas ◽  
Javier García-Fronti
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Legal Rule ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Fair Dealing ◽  
Voluntary Compliance ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Specific Standard ◽  
Collective Action Clauses ◽  
The U.S

AbstractOur examination of changes in the period leading up to the Argentine debt exchange and after, reveals that with Collective Action Clauses (CACs), the sovereign debt market is increasingly reliant on good faith as a standard of fair dealing to ensure fair and orderly debt restructurings in the future. Unlike the entrenched, enforceable, doctrinal good faith in domestic jurisdictions such as the U.S., the norm relied on in the sovereign debt market is a contextual open norm similar to the notion of Treu und Glauben, section 242 BGB of the German civil code. It is not a legal rule with specific requirements that need to be fulfilled. This paper reveals that reliance on a contextual, open norm is evidence of a shift in the framework that regulates sovereign debt restructurings: a shift from enforcement to voluntary compliance. Further, we argue that in the absence of a multilateral, regulatory, framework that embeds good faith as a specific standard of fair dealing, this reliance will exacerbate not solve the problem of sovereign debt restructurings.

The Ethics of Collective Security

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Unilateral Action ◽  
Action Collective ◽  
The U.S

This article is based upon Rousseau's vision of interdependence being a habitual source of conflict among nations. Today's version of collective security, in contrast to Woodrow Wilson's advocation of exclusive use of political and economic sanctions, often demands military action. Collective security offers inherent contradictions: Does multilateral action, for example, usually led by the United States, indicate international accord on countering the ‘aggressor’? The authors' answer is “no” because smaller nations may be joining the crusade for completely different reasons, for example, so as not to offend the larger partner. Does multilateral action always succeed in creating a Pax Universalis? No, on the contrary it may lead to war. Generally offering arguments from the U.S. perspective and examples from the Gulf War, Hendrickson sees neither collective action as necessarily a good thing nor unilateral action as necessarily a bad thing. However, he does urge reconsideration of the advantages of collective security as an all-powerful preventor of conflict.

scholarly journals Human Rights, the Laws of War, and Reciprocity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Self Enforcement ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Human rights law does not appear to enjoy as high a level of compliance as the laws of war, yet is institutionalized to a greater degree. This Article argues that the reason for this difference is related to the strategic structure of international law. The laws of war are governed by a regime of reciprocity, which can produce selfenforcing patterns of behavior, whereas the human rights regime attempts to produce public goods and is thus subject to collective action problems. The more elaborate human rights institutions are designed to overcome these problems but fall prey to second-order collective action problems. The simple laws of war institutions have been successful because they can exploit the logic of reciprocity. The Article also suggests that limits on military reprisals are in tension with self-enforcement of the laws of war. The U.S. conflict with Al Qaeda is discussed.

Shared Fate and Entrepreneurial Collective Action in the U.S. Wood Pellet Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shon R. Hiatt ◽  
Sangchan Park
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Optimal Distinctiveness ◽  
Shared Fate ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The U.S

Although studies underscore the importance of creating a coherent collective identity in order to legitimate a new market category, strategy and entrepreneurship research is divided on whether and to what degree an entrepreneur will engage in collective action to promote the identity. To reconcile the inconsistency, we introduce the concept of entrepreneurial shared fate—the belief of a focal venture that it and its competitors are bound together by a sense of belongingness and equally experience similar consequences—and explore how external threats can influence the degree of shared fate. We conceptually distinguish between communal and individual threats and propose that communal threats will increase, whereas individual threats will decrease, shared fate. We also explore boundary conditions that strengthen and weaken the main effects of perceived communal and individual threats on collective identity promotion. Empirically, we examine venture identity framing in response to forest-conservation activism in the U.S. wood pellet market. Implications for research on new market categories, collective identity, optimal distinctiveness, and forest management are discussed.

scholarly journals Identity Expression Through Collective Action: How Identification With a Politicized Group and Its Identity Contents Differently Motivated Identity-Expressive Collective Action in the U.S. 2016 Presidential Elections

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722093340
Author(s):  
Felicity M. Turner-Zwinkels ◽  
Martijn van Zomeren
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Identity Expression ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Specific Identity

Although political action often requires activists to express who they are and what they stand for, little is known about the motivators of such identity expression. This research investigates how group identity content and identification with this content predict identity-expressive collective action in the U.S. 2016 presidential elections. We recruited a longitudinal community sample of U.S. party supporters ( N = 426) mid-October (T1), beginning November (T2), and mid-November (T3). Participants listed words they associated with party campaigners, and self-reported their identification with this identity content and the politicized group. Supporting H1, politicized group identification longitudinally predicted increased frequency of collective action more strongly than did identification with specific identity content. Supporting H2, identification with specific identity content longitudinally predicted increased desires to express that content through collective action more strongly than politicized group identification. Implications for our understanding of identity expression and identity content in collective action are discussed.

With One Voice: Collective Action in Cultural Impact Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Halmo
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Corporate Entity ◽  
The U.S

This article documents a program of consultation with American Indians undertaken by the U.S. Department of Energy that resulted in the coalescence of twenty-one autonomous tribes and Indian organizations into a single corporate entity. The group was formed by the tribes and Indian organizations themselves for the purpose of expressing collective concerns and recommendations with respect to the protection of cultural resources. This coalescence occurred despite contending interests and claims with regard to these cultural resources. I am part of a team of practicing anthropologists who helped to structure and organize social relations and interactions among the contending groups in such a way that collective action was possible. (This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC08-9NV10845.)

Politics, Power and a Pandemic: Searching for Information and Accountability During a Twitter Infodemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 193124312110574
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. LaPoe ◽  
Candi S. Carter Olson ◽  
Victoria L. LaPoe ◽  
Parul Jain ◽  
Allyson Woellert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Government Action ◽  
The U.S

During the early weeks of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic, society was battling an infodemic–defined as a “tsunami” of online misinformation. Through the lens of mediatization theory, this article examines 800,000 tweets to understand social media information and misinformation related to the COVID-19. Through multi-layered analysis, this article details prominent key words discussed on Twitter connected to pandemic trending hashtags in early-to-mid March 2020: #Covid19 and #Coronavirus. The most prominent word themes included: novelty of this virus and associated uncertainty and the spread of misinformation; severity and widespread reach of the virus; call for collective action; and expectations relative to government action. The article explains these findings through mediatization theory, applying how technology influences social media discussions.

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