Kohonen Artificial Networks for the Verification of the Diameters of Water-pipes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 835-844
Author(s):  
Jacek Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Topological Map ◽  
Kohonen Network ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Large Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The design of the water distribution system is inherently linked to the execution of calculations, which aim, among other things, to determine the flow rate through individual pipes and the selection of diameters at the appropriate speed. Each step in the calculations is followed by an evaluation of the results and, if necessary, a correction of the data and further calculations. It is up to the designer to analyse the accuracy of the calculation results and is time-consuming for large systems. In this article, a diagnostic method for the results of hydraulic calculations, based on Kohonen Network, which classifies nominal diameters [DN] on the basis of data, in the form of flows, has been proposed. After calculating the new variant of the water distribution system, the individual calculation sections are assigned to the neurons of the topological map of Kohonen Network drawn up for nominal diameters. By comparing the diameter used for the calculation, with the diameter obtained on the topological map, the accuracy of the chosen diameter can be assessed. The topological map, created as a result of labelling the neurons of the output layer of the Kohonen Network, graphically shows the position of the classified diameter, relative to those diameters with similar input values. The position of a given diameter, relative to other diameters, may suggest the need to change the diameter of the pipe.

scholarly journals Pipe burst diagnostics using evidence theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Bicik ◽  
Zoran Kapelan ◽  
Christos Makropoulos ◽  
Dragan A. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Dempster Shafer Theory ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shafer Theory ◽  
Theory Of Evidence

This paper presents a decision support methodology aimed at assisting Water Distribution System (WDS) operators in the timely location of pipe bursts. This will enable them to react more systematically and promptly. The information gathered from various data sources to help locate where a pipe burst might have occurred is frequently conflicting and imperfect. The methodology developed in this paper deals effectively with such information sources. The raw data collected in the field is first processed by means of several models, namely the pipe burst prediction model, the hydraulic model and the customer contacts model. The Dempster–Shafer Theory of Evidence is then used to combine the outputs of these models with the aim of increasing the certainty of determining the location of a pipe burst within a WDS. This new methodology has been applied to several semi-real case studies. The results obtained demonstrate that the method shows potential for locating the area of a pipe burst by capturing the varying credibility of the individual models based on their historical performance.

scholarly journals A Computer Program to Support the Selection of Turbines to Recover Unused Energy at Hydraulic Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Mariano Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Inmaculada Pulido-Calvo ◽  
Pablo Cáceres-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Hydraulic Networks ◽  
Selection Of

For this paper, a computer program was designed and developed to calculate which turbines could be placed in a water distribution system considering the hydraulic constraints. The aforementioned turbines are placed in locations where we have unused hydraulic energy, i.e., when this energy is dissipated by a regulating valve. In our case, what we do is place a turbine to make use of that excess energy. Once the data has been entered into the program, it provides the type or types of turbines that can be placed in each location, what power these turbines would be, and how much they would generate annually. The program offers us two calculation options. In the first, and simpler, one, it would be done using the net head at the location where the turbine is to be placed. For this option, it would only be necessary to introduce the flow rate, the net head, and the hours that the turbine will be in operation to perform the calculation. The second option would be in the case where we did not have the net head, and, instead, we had the gross head. In this case, we have to calculate the head losses. Normally, this would be the most used option because there are usually no pressure drops. To perform the calculation, in this case, it is necessary to know, apart from what is mentioned in the first option, the characteristics of the pipe (diameter, length, and material).

Assessment of Lisbon drinking water distribution network biofilm colonization and associated hazards

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
J. Menaia ◽  
M. Benoliel ◽  
A. Lopes ◽  
C. Neto ◽  
E. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
And Storage

Concerns arise from the possible occurrence of pathogens in drinking water pipe biofilms and storage tank sediments. In these studies, biofilm samples from pipes and sediments from storage tanks of the Lisbon drinking water distribution system were analyzed. Protein determinations and heterotrophic counts on pipe biofilm samples were used to assess the Lisbon network sessile colonization intensity and distribution. Indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed in pipe biofilm samples, as well as in storage tanks biofilm and sediments, by using cultural methods and PCR, to assess risks. Results have shown that the Lisbon network sessile colonization is relatively weak in intensity. In addition, no meaningful hazards were apparent for both the network biofilm and the storage tanks biofilm and sediments.

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