End-stage renal disease and thrombophilia

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bauer ◽  
Verena Limperger ◽  
Ulrike Nowak-Göttl

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Niereninsuffizienz (chronic kidney disease; CKD) stellt einen bekannten Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer arteriellen und venösen Thromboembolie (TE) dar. Das Risiko für eine TE ist bei moderat eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion ca. 2,5-fach erhöht und steigt mit zunehmender Insuffizienz auf etwa das 5,5-Fache. Vergleicht man Patienten mit einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz mit Patienten, die zusätzlich folgende Risikofaktoren aufweisen, erhöht sich das TE-Risiko erheblich: CKD und arterielle Thrombose: OR 4.9, CKD und maligne Grunderkrankung: OR 5.8, CKD und chirurgischer Eingriff: OR14.0; CKD und angeborene Thrombophilie (OR 4.3).Die Behandlung der terminalen Niereninsuffizienz besteht in Dialyse, Peritonaldialyse und Nierentransplantation. Bei allen Verfahren sind thromboembolische Komplikationen beschrieben. TEs, insbesondere aber Katheter-assoziierte Thrombosen oder Shuntverschlüsse treten in bis zu 25% der Dialysepatienten auf. Die Inzidenz einer Nierenvenenthrombose als Komplikation nach Nierentransplantation – verbunden mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Organverlustes – wird mit 2–12% angegeben.Da TE häufig multifaktoriell bedingt sind, erscheint ein generelles Screening auf Thrombophilie in diesem Patientenklientel nicht indiziert. Ein Screening sollte diskutiert werden bei Patienten, die entweder TEs vor Auftreten ihrer Nierenerkrankung entwickelt haben oder die eine positive Familienanamnese hinsichtlich VTE aufweisen. Auch Patienten, die unter Dialyse oder nach Transplantation multiple TEs erleiden und solche, die auf der Warteliste für eine Nierentransplantation (insbesondere Lebendspende) stehen, sollten hinsichtlich Thrombophilie untersucht werden.

Author(s):  
Chih-Chien Chiu ◽  
Ya-Chieh Chang ◽  
Ren-Yeong Huang ◽  
Jenq-Shyong Chan ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
...  

Objectives Dental problems occur widely in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may increase comorbidities. Root canal therapy (RCT) is a common procedure for advanced decayed caries with pulp inflammation and root canals. However, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered to have a higher risk of potentially life-threatening infections after treatment and might fail to receive satisfactory dental care such as RCT. We investigated whether appropriate intervention for dental problems had a potential impact among dialysis patients. Design Men and women who began maintenance dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, in Taiwan (total 12,454 patients) were enrolled in this study. Participants were followed up from the first reported dialysis date to the date of death or end of dialysis by December 31, 2015. Setting Data collection was conducted in Taiwan. Results A total of 2633 and 9821 patients were classified into the RCT and non-RCT groups, respectively. From the data of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, a total of 5,092,734 teeth received RCT from 2000 to 2015. Then, a total of 12,454 patients were followed within the 16 years, and 4030 patients passed away. The results showed that members of the non-RCT group (34.93%) had a higher mortality rate than those of the RCT group (22.79%; p = 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of death was 0.69 (RCT vs. non-RCT; p = 0.001). Conclusions This study suggested that patients who had received RCT had a relatively lower risk of death among dialysis patients. Infectious diseases had a significant role in mortality among dialysis patients with non-RCT. Appropriate interventions for dental problems may increase survival among dialysis patients. Abbreviations: CKD = chronic kidney disease, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, RCT = root canal therapy.


2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric O. Finkelstein ◽  
Kenneth Story ◽  
Catherine Firanek ◽  
Paul Barre ◽  
Tomoko Takano ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Rodrigues Sarmento ◽  
Paula Frassinetti Castelo Branco Camurça Fernandes ◽  
Marcelo Ximenes Pontes ◽  
Daniel Barros Santos Correia ◽  
Victhor Castelo Branco Chaves ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge of validated primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is extremely relevant in the realm of public health. The literature lacks validated studies on the primary causes of ESRD. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the causes of ESRD in a State Capital in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of medical records of patients on hemodialysis at five specialized centers in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Deaths and patients referred to other centers outside Fortaleza were excluded from the study. The data of 830 patients were initially collected, but 818 remained enrolled after the exclusion criteria were applied, the equivalent to 48% of the patents on dialysis in the city. Results: 61.1% of the patients were males. Twenty-two percent of all enrolled individuals were aged 60-69 years. Patient mean age was 55.7 ± 16 years. The most common validated cause of ESRD was unknown (35.3%), followed by diabetes mellitus (26.4%), adult polycystic kidney disease (6.2%), graft failure (6.2%), obstructive uropathy (5.7%), and primary glomerulonephritis (5.3%). Before validation, primary hypertension was the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease (22.9%), decreased to 3.8% after validation. Conclusion: The data contradicted national studies reporting primary hypertension as the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high rate of unknown causes and categorization bias were observed mainly in relation to primary hypertension as a cause of CKD, which affects the overall prevalence of causes of ESRD in patients on dialysis.


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