scholarly journals Synchronous primary malignancies of the male urogenital tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmounaim Qarro ◽  
Abdelghani Ammani ◽  
Khalil Bazine ◽  
Mohammed Najoui ◽  
Jamaleddine Samir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
The Common

The finding of prostate cancer after a cystoprostatectomy for a bladder tumour can occur in up to 70% of cases. The incidence of prostate cancer in patients with a bladder tumour is 18 times higher than in the general population; moreover, the incidence of bladder cancer in patients with prostate cancer is 19 times higher than in the general population. This association can be explained by the common embryological origin of these organs, with molecular similarities. Other similarities between these two cancers are noted. They are multifocal and may be secondary to urinary stasis. However, this association does not seem responsible for an increased risk of progression of both diseases. The prognosis is related to the extension of each cancer. The stage and grade of bladder cancer are, in terms of prognosis, greater than those of prostate cancer. Most often, this is insignificant prostate cancer. Despite this, the prostate-specific antigen test should be administered to monitor patients after cystoprostatectomy.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer using digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson C. Okpua ◽  
Simon I. Okekpa ◽  
Stanley Njaka ◽  
Augusta N. Emeh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Antigen Tests

Abstract Background Being diagnosed with cancer, irrespective of type initiates a serious psychological concern. The increasing rate of detection of indolent prostate cancers is a source of worry to public health. Digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests are the commonly used prostate cancer screening tests. Understanding the diagnostic accuracies of these tests may provide clearer pictures of their characteristics and values in prostate cancer diagnosis. This review compared the sensitivities and specificities of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen test in detection of clinically important prostate cancers using studies from wider population. Main body We conducted literature search in PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Wiley Online, CINAHL, Scopus, AJOL and Google Scholar, using key words and Boolean operators. Studies comparing the sensitivity and specificity of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests in men 40 years and above, using biopsy as reference standard were retrieved. Data were extracted and analysed using Review manager (RevMan 5.3) statistical software. The overall quality of the studies was good, and heterogeneity was observed across the studies. The result comparatively shows that prostate-specific antigen test has higher sensitivity (P < 0.00001, RR 0.74, CI 0.67–0.83) and specificity (P < 0.00001, RR 1.81, CI 1.54–2.12) in the detection of prostate cancers than digital rectal examination. Conclusion Prostate-specific antigen test has higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancers from men of multiple ethnic origins. However, combination of prostate-specific antigen test and standardized digital rectal examination procedure, along with patients history, may improve the accuracy and minimize over-diagnoses of indolent prostate cancers.

Occupation as a predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviour in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Cheryl E Peters ◽  
Paul J Villeneuve ◽  
Marie-Élise Parent
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test

Objectives If prostate cancer screening practices relate to occupation, this would have important implications when studying the aetiological role of workplace exposures on prostate cancer. We identified variations in screening by occupation among men in Montreal, Canada (2005–2012). Methods Prostate specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination (ever-screened and frequency of screening, previous five years) were examined among population controls from the Prostate Cancer & Environment Study. Face-to-face interviews elicited lifestyle and occupational histories. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of ever-screening for the longest-held occupation, adjusting for potential confounders. Negative binomial models were used to examine relationships with screening frequency. Results Among 1989 controls, 81% reported ever having had a prostate specific antigen test, and 77% a digital rectal examination. Approximately 40% of men reported having a prostate specific antigen test once a year, on average. Compared with those in management or administrative jobs, men in primary industry (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.65), construction (0.44, 0.25–0.79), machining (0.45, 0.21–0.97), and teaching (0.37, 0.20–0.70) were less likely to have undergone prostate specific antigen screening. Results were similar when considering the most recent job. Conclusions Our findings highlight substantial variations in prostate cancer screening by occupation. Men in occupations where carcinogen exposures are more common are less likely to participate in prostate screening activities. This could be an important source of bias, and occupational studies of prostate cancer should account for screening practices.

scholarly journals Recommendations on screening for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen test

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bell ◽  
S. C. Gorber ◽  
A. Shane ◽  
M. Joffres ◽  
H. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test

scholarly journals Commercialized Blood-, Urinary- and Tissue-Based Biomarker Tests for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3790
Author(s):  
Wieke Visser ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Willem Melchers ◽  
Peter Mulders ◽  
Jack Schalken
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diagnostic Setting

In the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), the serum prostate-specific antigen test is widely used but is associated with low specificity. Therefore, blood-, urinary- and tissue-based biomarker tests have been developed, intended to be used in the diagnostic and prognostic setting of PCa. This review provides an overview of commercially available biomarker tests developed to be used in several clinical stages of PCa management. In the diagnostic setting, the following tests can help selecting the right patients for initial and/or repeat biopsy: PHI, 4K, MiPS, SelectMDx, ExoDx, Proclarix, ConfirmMDx, PCA3 and PCMT. In the prognostic setting, the Prolaris, OncotypeDx and Decipher test can help in risk-stratification of patients regarding treatment decisions. Following, an overview is provided of the studies available comparing the performance of biomarker tests. However, only a small number of recently published head-to-head comparison studies are available. In contrast, recent research has focused on the use of biomarker tests in relation to the (complementary) use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in PCa diagnosis.

VALIDITY OF THE PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TEST FOR PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING:

2001 ◽  
pp. 2189-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTI HAKAMA ◽  
ULF-H??KAN STENMAN ◽  
ARPO AROMAA ◽  
JARI LEINONEN ◽  
TIMO HAKULINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test
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