Definition of actual fitness terms: high-intensity functional training, high-intensity interval training, functional training, circuit training, CrossFit®

Introduction: Aerobic training with an acyclic and intermittent character triggers high metabolic stress, responsible for generating alterations in several blood biomarkers. Thus, investigations that clarify understanding of metabolic behavior in response to exercise seem pertinent, when considering the dynamics of prescription of physical training and recovery. Objective: Demonstrate and discuss the behavior of blood biomarkers in response to High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT). Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched from the oldest records available until January 16, 2020. The search was carried out by combining descriptors related to the terms: “HIIT”, “HIFT”, and “blood biomarkers”. To be included, studies were required to: 1) have a clinical trial design; 2) evaluate the effects of an HIIT and/or HIFT protocol; and 3) measure blood biomarkers before and after the training protocol. No restrictions were applied to the characteristics of the participants regarding health condition, age, sex, and level of training. Results: In total, seven studies were included (n=221 participants, aged between 18 and 63 years) that analyzed different population profiles such as athletes, sedentary young people, patients with breast cancer, and diabetics. The biomarkers evaluated included analysis of muscle damage (C Reactive protein and CK); oxidative stress (antioxidant capacity); kidney injury (creatinine and urea); hormones (testosterone and cortisol); cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, and IF-γ); and hemogram. In general, the results demonstrated specific patterns for the investigated markers. Thus, there were increases in muscle damage markers, while in the inflammatory markers, there was a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the reduced values of the general blood count, markers such as neutrophils and basophils did not demonstrate statistically significant alterations. Serum testosterone levels were higher and cortisol was lower in the post-exercise period when compared to pre-exercise. Conclusion: These data are of practical relevance when demonstrating patterns of physiological responses, which also characterize knowledge and understanding essential to determine adequate periodization.

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High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT): Definition and Research Implications for Improved Fitness

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports6030076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Yuri Feito ◽

Katie Heinrich ◽

Scotty Butcher ◽

Walker Poston

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Functional Training ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Working Definition ◽

Training Modality ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Definition Of ◽

Low Intensity Exercise

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment than more traditional exercise. As a relatively new training modality, HIFT is often compared to high-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the two are distinct. HIIT exercise is characterized by relatively short bursts of repeated vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise for recovery, while HIFT utilizes constantly varied functional exercises and various activity durations that may or may not incorporate rest. Over the last decade, studies evaluating the effectiveness of HIIT programs have documented improvements in metabolic and cardiorespiratory adaptations; however, less is known about the effects of HIFT. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a working definition of HIFT and review the available literature regarding its use to improve metabolic and cardiorespiratory adaptations in strength and conditioning programs among various populations. Additionally, we aim to create a definition that is used in future publications to evaluate more effectively the future impact of this type of training on health and fitness outcomes.

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Effectiveness of sports specific circuit training and high intensity interval training on aerobic capacity in male basketball players.

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ◽

10.22376/ijpbs.2018.9.2.b340-347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

AVUNOORI MALLESH ◽

SURESH. T.N

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Capacity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Circuit Training ◽

Basketball Players ◽

High Intensity Interval

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Pengaruh Latihan High Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) dan Circuit Training Terhadap Kecepatan, Kelincahan, dan Power Otot Tungkai

JSES : Journal of Sport and Exercise Science ◽

10.26740/jses.v1n2.p47-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Arief Nur Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Circuit Training ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

High Intensity Interval

Salah satu tujuan latihan adalah untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kondisi fisik atlet secara secara maksimal. Untuk mencapai kemampuan puncak, pelatih harus membuat program latihan dan mencari metode latihan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan HIIT dan circuit training terhadap kecepatan, kelincahan, power otot tungkai, dan apakah terdapat perbedaan pengaruh latihan HIIT dan circuit training terhadap kecepatan, kelincahan, dan power otot tungkai. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelompok umur 15 dan 16 tahun sebanyak 36 siswa subangkit soccer school yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan matching only design, serta analisis data menggunakan uji-T dan MANOVA. Hasil penelitian metode latihan HIIT menunjukkan tingkat signifikansi dari masing-masing variabel sebesar 0.000 hal ini berarti P <0.05 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh latihan HIIT terhadap ketiga variabel terikat. Metode latihan circuit training menunjukkan tingkat signifikansi dari masing-masing variabel sebesar 0.000 hal ini berarti P <0.05 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh latihan circuit training terhadap ketiga variabel terikat. Selain itu terdapat perbedaan pengaruh melalui uji MANOVA nilai sig dari Wilks’ Lambda 0,000, karena itu nilai sig <0,05 sehingga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh latihan HIIT dan circuit training pada kecepatan, kelincahan dan power otot tungkai.

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