Probiotics and its Impact on Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridum difficile Infections (CDI) in Adult and Pediatric Patients: A Review

Raja Chakraverty; Sudeshna Sasmal

doi:10.5530/jppcm.2021.3.12

Probiotics and its Impact on Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridum difficile Infections (CDI) in Adult and Pediatric Patients: A Review

Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine ◽

10.5530/jppcm.2021.3.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 46-48

Author(s):

Raja Chakraverty ◽

Sudeshna Sasmal

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

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Clinical and microbial characterization of toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from antibiotic associated diarrhea in Egypt

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3932 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sherein G. Elgendy ◽

Sherine A. Aly ◽

Rawhia Fathy ◽

Enas A.E. Deaf ◽

Naglaa H. Abu Faddan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Specific Method ◽

Healthcare Associated Infection ◽

Direct Pcr ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Background and Objectives: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a significant healthcare-associated infection throughout the world and is particularly important in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate clinical characterization and risk factors related to toxigenic C. difficile infection in adult and pediatric patients, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Also, to evaluate different diagnostic methods for rapid detection of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) in Egypt. Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 95 pediatric patients and 37 adult patients suffering from antibiotic associated diarrhea and were subjected to direct toxin immunoassay and culture on cycloserine/cefoxitin/fructose agar. The presence of tcdA and tcdB genes was tested by PCR. Results: Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from pediatric and adult patients at a rate of 17.89% (17/95) and 27% (10/37) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of direct PCR from stool are (100%, 100% and 82.4%, 100%) in adult and pediatric samples respectively. The susceptibility of C. difficile to vancomycin and metronidazole were found to be 66.7% and 48.2% respectively. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, prior antibiotic treatment, hematological malignancy on chemotherapy, malnutrition, neutropenia and Ryle feeding are risk factors for development of CDAD. Tight restriction of unnecessary antibiotic uses is necessary in our locality. Direct detection of toxin genes in stool by PCR is sensitive and specific method for early detection of C. difficile.

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Frequency of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Related Complications in Pediatric Patients Who Underwent Hypospadias Repair: a Comparative Study Using Probiotics vs Placebo

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

10.1007/s12602-017-9324-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ciro Esposito ◽

Agnese Roberti ◽

Francesco Turrà ◽

Mariapina Cerulo ◽

Giovanni Severino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Hypospadias Repair ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

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In pediatric patients on antibiotic therapy, do probiotics prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

Evidence-Based Practice ◽

10.1097/01.ebp.0000541777.03729.ca ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. E8-E9

Author(s):

Ehab Molokhia ◽

Amy Kayl ◽

Huy Lam ◽

Ashlen Aggen ◽

Brandi Robinson

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

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Audiology Service Models in a Family Physician Practice Setting

Perspectives on Audiology ◽

10.1044/poa6.1.24 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sridhar Krishnamurti

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Practice Patterns ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Direct Access ◽

Practice Setting ◽

Pediatric Populations ◽

Family Practice Physicians ◽

Primary Focus ◽

Balance Problems

This article illustrates the potential of placing audiology services in a family physician’s practice setting to increase referrals of geriatric and pediatric patients to audiologists. The primary focus of family practice physicians is the diagnosis/intervention of critical systemic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer). Hence concurrent hearing/balance disorders are likely to be overshadowed in such patients. If audiologists get referrals from these physicians and have direct access to diagnose and manage concurrent hearing/balance problems in these patients, successful audiology practice patterns will emerge, and there will be increased visibility and profitability of audiological services. As a direct consequence, audiological services will move into the mainstream of healthcare delivery, and the profession of audiology will move further towards its goals of early detection and intervention for hearing and balance problems in geriatric and pediatric populations.

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