scholarly journals The Effects of Pre-task, On-line, and both Pre-task and On-line Planning on Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy – The Case of Iranian EFL Learners’ Written Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Piri ◽  
Hossein Barati ◽  
Saeed Ketabi
Keyword(s):  
Line Planning ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Written Production ◽  
On Line

Impact of task preparedness on L2 oral performance and strategy use

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-226
Author(s):  
Qianqian Gu
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Task Planning ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Line Planning ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
On Line ◽  
Planning Condition ◽  
Planning Strategies

Abstract The present study sets out to explore the effects of pre-task planning and unpressured on-line planning on L2 learners’ oral performance and their choices of planning strategies in a dialogic task condition. Forty-eight intermediate Chinese EFL learners were invited to perform the task and were then assigned to four groups, each with a different planning condition. Complexity, accuracy, and fluency of their oral production were measured. Results indicated that in the dialogic task condition, unpressured on-line planning raised syntactic complexity. Strikingly, pre-task planning did not improve L2 performance in all dimensions. Additionally, a trade-off effect was found between complexity and accuracy. Retrospective interviews were conducted to explore strategies employed by the participants and their perceptions of task preparedness. Results showed that the participants preferred to use metacognitive strategies and social/affective strategies in the dialogic task. Both advantages and limitations were identified by the participants regarding different planning conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Planning on Writing Narrative Task Performance with Low and High EFL Proficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoud Rahimpour ◽  
Roghayyeh Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Planning ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The impetus of the present study was to scrutinize the impact of planning and proficiency on 172 EFL learners’ written task performance regarding concept load, fluency, complexity and accuracy. Planning was operationalized at two levels: pretask planning (PTP) and on- line planning (OLP). Participants of this study were two groups, high and low proficiency learners who were randomly chosen. The first group was required to plan for their performance for 10 minutes and take notes before they performed the tasks, whilst the participants in the second group began writing immediately and took time as long as they like. The participants’ performances were then analyzed utilizing paired samples t-test. The results of statistical analysis showed that low-proficiency learners appear to benefit more from planning time with respect to concept load, fluency, and complexity. On the other hand, high-proficiency learners were advantaged by planning time concerning concept load and accuracy.

scholarly journals A Modified Artificial Bee Colony for the Non-Smooth Dynamic Economic/Environmental Dispatch

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3321-3328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ι. Marouani ◽  
A. Boudjemline ◽  
T. Guesmi ◽  
H. H. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Line Planning ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Search Mechanism ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
On Line ◽  
Explosion Method ◽  
Metaheuristic Techniques ◽  
Emission Dispatch

This paper presents an improved artificial bee colony (ABC) technique for solving the dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem. Ramp rate limits, valve-point loading effects and prohibited operating zones (POZs) have been considered. The proposed technique integrates the grenade explosion method and Cauchy operator in the original ABC algorithm, to avoid random search mechanism. However, the DEED is a multi-objective optimization problem with two conflicting criteria which need to be minimized simultaneously. Thus, it is recommended to provide the best solution for the decision-makers. Shannon’s entropy-based method is used for the first time within the context of the on-line planning of generator outputs to extract the best compromise solution among the Pareto set. The robustness of the proposed technique is verified on six-unit and ten-unit system tests. Results proved that the proposed algorithm gives better optimum solutions in comparison with more than ten metaheuristic techniques.

Assignment of grammatical gender by native speakers and foreign learners of French

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. HOLMES ◽  
B. DEJEAN DE LA BÂTIE
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Written Production ◽  
On Line ◽  
Gender Attribution

This study compared the skill in gender attribution of foreign learners and native speakers of French. Accuracy and fluency of gender attribution by the foreign learners were assessed in spontaneous written production. Both groups performed on-line gender assignment to real nouns whose gender was regular or exceptional, given their ending, and to invented nouns with nonword stems and real-word endings. The pattern of results indicated that the native speakers' gender attributions were primarily based on rapidly evoked lexical associations, with gender-ending correspondences playing a significant but subsidiary role. The foreign learners were less able to summon lexical associations, relying heavily on ending-based rules. Overall, none of the foreign learners attained the same level of performance as any of the native speakers. We conclude that instruction in which students learn nouns in the context of distinctive lexical associates could profitably be supplemented by explicit instruction in gender-ending regularities.

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