scholarly journals An Eclectic Phraseological Research on the Formation and Degrammaticalization of Phraseological Units

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ai Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Word Combination

<p>This paper reveals new features of certain phraseological units (PUs) through bottom-up and top-down examination. Previous phraseological research has tended to focus on the PUs characteristically observed in a genre or context or how PUs semantically and syntactically behave to improve communicative competence. However, previous phraseological research has failed to give systematic explanations as to the formation of PUs and the process and conditions necessary for a word-combination to become a PU. By applying existing word-formation rules to various PUs, this study clarifies the formation and formation process for PUs and the four conditions required for a word combination to become a PU. It was found that although the word-formation rules are used, PUs generally arise in an unformed manner. Further, word-combinations are used as PUs only if they undergo a formation process and abide by the four conditions. PU features were found to be function words from a degrammaticalization standpoint. It has been widely accepted that degrammaticalization occurs in words. However, no research to date has dealt with the application of degrammaticalization to PUs. It was found that semantic degrammaticalization occurs in PUs arising from function words.</p>

scholarly journals EXPLICIT MODELS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE STRATEGY LEARNING OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Natalia Dmitrenko ◽  
Liudmyla Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Learning Instruction ◽  
University Level

The purpose of the article is to prove theoretically and check experimentally the effectiveness of explicit models for language learning strategies based on the instructions in the process of professionally oriented English communication. The hypothesis of the research implies that the level of professional English communicative competence will increase in the case of combining such models as “top-down” and “bottom-up” while professionally oriented English communication. The study employed the mixed research design method as quantitative (Likert’s scale, Bespalko’s learning coefficient, Fisher’s criterion) and qualitative (interpretation of questionnaire results) methods. The levels of explicit models using for language learning strategies are defined by the results of the conducted survey of 116 pre-service teachers of Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. One of the conditions of experimental learning is a sequence of stages in the process of applying two explicit models for language strategy learning instruction “top-down” and “bottom-up” in the process of pre-service teachers’ professionally oriented English communication. Findings. The results of the control test at the final step of the experiment have confirmed the effectiveness of two variants of explicit models for language strategy learning instruction in the process of professionally oriented English communication. The analysis of experimental training results has shown the formation of professionally oriented English communicative competence at the level B2, as well as a significant increase in the participants’ knowledge, skills and abilities of foreign language learning strategies. Implications for research and practice. Combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” explicit models for language learning strategy instruction contributes to more effective assimilation and expansion of the repertoire of learning and communicative strategies and improves professionally oriented English communicative competence of pre-school teachers at university level.

Using hydrogen peroxide to mediate through a one-step hydrothermal method for the fast and green synthesis of N-CDs

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (116) ◽  
pp. 95744-95749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangling He ◽  
Bingfu Lei ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Mingtao Zheng ◽  
Hanwu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
One Step

The strategy for the formation mechanism of N-CDs under high temperature and high pressure can be summarized as consisting of two parts including top-down and bottom-up. It can serve as an efficient way to express the detailed formation process of N-CDs.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Optimalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Mewujudkan Goodgovernance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sadari Sadari ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Rafiqah Rafiqah
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Humanisme religius telah mengantarkan pada era kesadaran bahwa peradaban manusia harus memiliki dua arus yang saling menunjang. Selama ini arus balik dalam bidang ekonomi hanya menonjolkan arus balik vertikal atas kebawah (model top down) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, sedangkan di sisi lain mengesampingkan arus balik vertikal dari bawah ke atas (model bottom up) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga dampaknya adalah adanya kesenjangan ekonomi yang sangat tajam. Paper ini mewujudkan peran penting, yakni menghubungkan dua arus tersebut secara timbal-balik, yakni mempertemukan arus pertama dengan arus balik kedua, sehingga akan menghasilkan dampak yang positif, progresif, kreatif dan produktif, kemudian pada akhirnya akan dapat meng-optomal-kan ekonomi syariah untuk menciptakan goodgovernance, post goodgovernance secara berkelanjutan, tentunya dengan bantuan peran media kontemporer yang kian update. Ekonomi syariah juga merupakan pilar dan nilai dasar, dari sikap keyakinan dan sikap rasionalitas untuk sanggup menciptakan terwujudnya pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan sekaligus pengentasan kemiskinan dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document