scholarly journals Interpreting Topographic Map Evidence Related to Northeast Nebraska Barbed Tributaries and Drainage Routes, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
Reversed Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Missouri River Valley

Northeast Nebraska barbed tributaries include north-oriented streams flowing to the south-oriented Missouri River and south-oriented streams flowing to the north-oriented Missouri River tributaries. Detailed topographic maps were used to determine how these northeast Nebraska drainage routes originated. A giant south-oriented supra-glacial melt water river is interpreted to have sliced an ice-walled and bedrock-floored canyon into a decaying ice sheet’s surface where eastern South Dakota’s east-facing Missouri Escarpment and west-facing Prairie Coteau escarpment are now located and to have flowed from that canyon’s mouth across northeast Nebraska while South Dakota’s north-facing Pine Ridge Escarpment is interpreted to be the south wall of a large east-oriented valley that was eroded headward across immense southeast-oriented ice-marginal melt water floods which had originally flowed across northeast Nebraska. Prior to Missouri River valley headward erosion these two different immense melt water floods created and then flowed across a low relief and low gradient northeast Nebraska topographic surface. Present day northeast Nebraska topography developed when the deep south-oriented Missouri River valley and its south-oriented tributary valleys eroded headward into this low relief and low gradient topographic surface. As the deep Missouri River valley eroded headward it beheaded shallow south-oriented flood flow channels supplying water to new and actively eroding south-oriented Missouri River tributary valleys and water on north ends of the beheaded channels reversed flow direction to move toward the much deeper Missouri River valley. Water still moving in south directions adjacent to these reversed flow channels was then captured leading to development of south-oriented tributaries to the north-oriented streams.

scholarly journals Geomorphic History of the Beaver Creek Drainage Basin as Determined from Topographic Map Evidence: Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
The North

The Beaver Creek drainage basin is located along the North Dakota-Montana border slightly to the south of a recognized continental ice sheet margin and immediately to the east of the deep northeast-oriented Yellowstone River valley with Beaver Creek flowing in a north and northeast direction to join the north-oriented Little Missouri River. The Beaver Creek drainage basin originates on an escarpment-surrounded upland and its erosional history was determined by analyzing detailed topographic maps aided by previously made field observations that showed coarse-grained and distinctive alluvium had been transported in an east direction across the Beaver Creek drainage basin and across what is now the deep Little Missouri River valley to sediments making up southwest North Dakota high points containing both the distinctive alluvium and Oligocene age fossils. Drainage divides surrounding the Beaver Creek drainage basin show numerous divide crossings (or notches) linking northwest-oriented Yellowstone River tributary valleys with east-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys and west- or northwest-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys with southeast- or east-oriented Little Missouri River tributary valleys and suggest the Beaver Creek valley eroded headward across a large-scale flood formed anastomosing channel complex. Buttes located just to the east of the Beaver Creek-Little Missouri River drainage divide suggest the east-oriented water removed as much as 150 meters, or more, of Beaver Creek drainage basin bedrock, and even greater amounts of bedrock from regions to the south of the Beaver Creek drainage basin. Topographic map evidence and routes traveled by the distinctive alluvium suggest a continental ice sheet blocked a large and high-level northeast-oriented river and diverted at least some of the water along the ice sheet margin with the east-oriented floodwaters being captured in a progressive sequence by headward erosion of the Little Missouri River, Beaver Creek, and Yellowstone River valleys (in that order).

scholarly journals Origin of the Redwater River Drainage Basin Determined by Topographic Map Interpretation: Eastern Montana, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
The North ◽  
Map Interpretation ◽  
River Drainage Basin

Topographic and geologic map interpretation strongly suggests the eastern Montana Redwater River valley eroded headward across large southeast-oriented ice-marginal melt water floods. The north-oriented Redwater River heads in an area to the south of recognized continental glaciation and flows into the recognized glaciated region before joining the east-oriented Missouri River. Detailed topographic maps show the eastern drainage divide is asymmetric with steeper slopes on the Redwater River side and is crossed by shallow dry valleys linking northwest-oriented Redwater River tributaries with southeast-oriented streams that flow as barbed tributaries to the northeast-oriented Yellowstone River. The western drainage divide is also crossed by shallow dry valleys linking northwest-oriented drainage routes to north-oriented Missouri River tributaries with southeast-oriented and barbed tributaries to the northeast- and north-oriented Redwater River. Alluvium from upstream Yellowstone River source areas found within the Redwater River drainage basin suggests the Redwater River and much longer Yellowstone River valleys eroded headward from a continental ice sheet margin as headward erosion of the larger Yellowstone River valley across the southeast-oriented flood flow was supplemented by northeast- and north-oriented flow moving at the present day Redwater-Yellowstone River drainage divide elevation.

Alluvial hydrogeology of the lower Missouri River valley

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Grannemann ◽  
John M. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Missouri River Valley

Development of Quaternary travertines in the carbonate mountains of the western Costa del Sol, Málaga, southern Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Antonio Guerra-Merchán ◽  
Francisco Serrano ◽  
José M. García-Aguilar ◽  
José E. Ortiz ◽  
Trinidad Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North

AbstractThe predominantly carbonate nature of the mountains near the coast of Málaga and Marbella (Costa del Sol, southern Spain) and the presence of springs have favored the formation of travertine buildups during the Quaternary. The geomorphic characteristics of the slopes and the location of the springs have determined the development of three types of travertine growths: (1) spring travertines, located preferentially on the south mountainside, where the slope is steepest; (2) pool-dam-cascade travertines, which form along the north and east edges, far from the carbonate relief and with a gentler slope; and (3) river-valley travertines, formed in the courses of the springs of any sector. Field observations combined with new amino acid racemization (AAR) dating of Helicidae gastropods show that most of the travertine formations are polyphasic and that their development was interrupted by stages of erosion and incision. Five stages of travertine development are evident, most of which are related to warm, moist episodes corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 7, 5, 3, and 1, although local travertine growth also occurred during MIS 6 and during the transition from MIS 3 to 2.

Fort d’Orléans and the Grotton–St. Ange Family

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Ekberg ◽  
Sharon K. Person
Keyword(s):  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Illinois Country ◽  
History Of ◽  
Missouri River Valley ◽  
The One

This chapter shows that the Grotton–St. Ange family was the most important political and military family in Upper Louisiana for the half century between 1720 and 1770. Louis St. Ange de Bellerive first came to prominence under the sponsorship of his father, Robert Grotton St. Ange. Shortly after Robert Grotton St. Ange's marriage to his second wife, Élisabeth Chorel, in 1718, the couple and Robert's two sons by his first wife, Pierre and Louis, headed west to establish the St. Anges as a leading family in the Illinois Country. This chapter traces the history of the Grotton–St. Ange family in the Illinois Country and looks at the expeditions of Étienne Veniard de Bourgmont, the first white man to ascend the Missouri River valley in 1714 and the one who built Fort d'Orléans. It also considers the presence of the St. Ange family at Fort d'Orléans, where Louis St. Ange de Bellerive replaced Robert Grotton St. Ange as commandant.

scholarly journals Topographic Map Analysis of the North Platte River-South Platte River Drainage Divide Area, Western Larimer County, Colorado, USA Eric Clausen

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Colorado River ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Platte River ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
South Platte River ◽  
The North ◽  
Cache La Poudre River ◽  
South Platte

The United States Supreme Court settled legal disputes concerning four different Larimer County (Colorado) locations where water is moved by gravity across the high elevation North Platte-South Platte River drainage divide, which begins as a triple drainage divide with the Colorado River at Thunder Mountain (on the east-west continental divide and near Colorado River headwaters) and proceeds in roughly a north and northeast direction across deep mountain passes and other low points (divide crossings) first as the Michigan River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River (in the South Platte watershed) drainage divide and then as the Laramie River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River drainage divide. The mountain passes and nearby valley and drainage route orientations and other unusual erosional features can be explained if enormous and prolonged volumes of south-oriented water moved along today’s north-oriented North Platte and Laramie River alignments into what must have been a rising mountain region to reach south-oriented Colorado River headwaters. Mountain uplift in time forced a flow reversal in the Laramie River valley while flow continued in a south direction along the North Platte River alignment only to be forced to flow around the Medicine Bow Mountains south end and then to flow northward in the Laramie River valley and later to be captured by headward erosion of the east-oriented Cache la Poudre River-Joe Wright Creek valley (aided by a steeper gradient and less resistant bedrock). Continued uplift next reversed flow on the North Platte River alignment to create drainage routes seen today. While explaining Larimer County North Platte-South Platte drainage divide area topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence this interpretation requires a completely different Cenozoic history than the geologic history geologists usually describe.

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