Cavitation as a Potential Technology for Wastewater Management – An Example of Enhanced Nutrient Release from Secondary Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge

Wastewater recycling and sludge removal in the paper industry account for about 60 % of all process costs. New and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment techniques are, therefore, continually being developed. Cavitation exploitation is currently a well-investigated topic that is also interesting for the paper production industry. This study investigates efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation alone and in combination with the addition of NaOH for the treatment of secondary pulp and paper mill sludge in order to enhance nutrient release. First, two laboratory-scale devices were tested: the blow-through and the rotating hydrodynamic cavitation generator. The latter set-up proved to be more efficient: therefore, further experiments were performed on its pilot-scale version. The results showed an increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs) by 514 mg/L, total nitrogen (Nt) by 17.4 mg/L, and total phosphorous (Pt) by 2.3 mg/L. To further increase nutrient release combination of cavitation and sludge sample alkalinization was tested. The addition of NaOH and 30 min cavitation of secondary sludge (500 L) significantly improved CODs and Nt release by 2400 mg/L and 120 mg/L, respectively. Microbiological photos revealed a definite disintegration of sludge flocks. According to our estimates, 1.9 kg of released CODs from alkaline pre-treated and cavitated sludge would cost only one euro.

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Sludge Utilization and Reduction Experiences in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0672 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (9-11) ◽

pp. 2105-2108 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. Öztürk ◽

V. Eroglu ◽

A. Bastürk

Keyword(s):

Energy Requirement ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Biological Sludge ◽

Study Results

This paper presents pilot-scale experiences on utilization of primary sludges from an integrated pulp and paper mill in the manufacturing of hardboard. The results have shown that the primary sludge added in 1/4 ratio yields the best result considering quality and operating aspects for the hardboard production. Lab-scale anaerobic treatability studies were carried out by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) with a volume of 10.351 using settled effluents from the related industry as the feed. Anaerobic treatability study results have shown that such an application prior to existing activated sludge system may provide 70 percent reduction in energy requirement for aeration and about 65 percent net reduction in excess biological sludge production.

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Coagulation and UF treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater in comparison

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-011-0121-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marjana Simonič ◽

Doroteja Vnučec

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Active Surface ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Polyaluminum Chloride ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mill Wastewater

AbstractA study using coagulation-flocculation and ultrafiltration (UF)methods for pulp and paper mills’ wastewater (WW)was carried out. The reduction efficiencies of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and absorbance at 254 nm were the main evaluating parameters. Using coagulation-flocculation, the efficiencies of alum and polyaluminum chloride (PACl)were studied, when used alone and when coupled with flocculant aids. During the coagulation-flocculation process, use of a single coagulant, the coagulant dosage, and the pH, play an important role in determining the coagulation efficiency. At the optimum PACl dosage of 840 mg L−1 and optimum pH of 9.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 94.5%. A combination of inorganic coagulant and flocculant, or polymer was applied, in which PACl was used coupled with the polyelectrolytes Organopol WPB20 and WPB40. PACl coupled with Organopol WPB20 by optimal pH 9 gave a 98.3% reduction of turbidity, 91.9% removal of TSS, and a 60.2% reduction in COD. Ultrafiltration trials were carried out on a pilot scale. A tubular module was used with ceramic membrane. This membrane is a multi-channel membrane with an active surface layer made of Al2O3 and ZrO2. Within the acidic range, the turbidity and TSS were removed at above 99%.

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EFFECTS OF GENOME INSTABILITY IN LYMPHOCYTES AND BUCCAL EPITHELIOCYTES OF CHILDREN FROM THE CITY WITH BIG PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1392-1401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 1392-1401

Author(s):

V. V. Yurchenko ◽

Faina I. Ingel ◽

N. A. Urtseva ◽

E. K. Krivtsova ◽

L. V. Akhaltseva

Keyword(s):

Genomic Instability ◽

Genome Instability ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽

The City

Introduction. Analysis of literature has shown genotoxicants (mutagens and carcinogens) to be present in the atmospheric emissions of pulp and paper industry (PPI). Moreover, among PPI workers from different countries, there was identified an additional risk of cancer, which suggests its high probability among residents of the cities where the PPI is located. The recognized index of genotoxic effects is an increased level of genome instability, which is determined, in particular, in the micronucleus test. The scope of the study - the comparative analysis of the effects of genomic instability in the two tissues - blood lymphocytes cultured with Cytochalasin B, and buccal epithelial cells in the second grade school children (8-9 years old, boys and girls), whose schools were located at different distances from the pulp and paper mill. Material and methods. The study was carried out in the city of Koryazhma, the Arkhangelsk Region (42000 citizens), where the pulp and paper plant as the city-forming industry was located. For the analysis, we subdivided the territories on which the schools were located, into 3 groups according to their distance from the pulp and paper mill. The effects of genomic instability were determined by cytome analysis in the micronucleus test. Results. Cytome analysis of cultivated lymphocytes demonstrated that levels of genome instability indices (including cell frequencies with micronuclei and nucleoplasm bridges, apoptosis, as well as changes in the spectrum of cell populations) to decrease along with the rising the distance between the pulp and paper mill and schools where the children go. In buccal epithelial cells, the manifestations of genomic instability effects were less systematic, which did not allow making a definitive conclusion. At the same time, in both tests, gender differences in the results of cytome analysis were revealed (for example, the alteration of frequency of lymphocytes with genetic damage dependence on the distance between schools and the PPI was more pronounced among boys). Conclusion. According to the results of this study and taking into consideration the data of literature, we hypothesized that the discovering of gender dimorphism in the effects of genome instability may indicate the presence of toxic and/or genotoxic compounds in an environment.

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