Anatomical Variations in Leaves of Pisum sativum Grown with Wastewater of Different Industries

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the anatomical variations in leaves of Pisum sativum grown in medium irrigated with different industrial wastewaters. The Sukhrawa drain area was selected for the collection of wastewaters of different industries in district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment was comprised of six wastewater treatments, including protein farm wastewater, rice mill wastewater, combined wastewater of hospital and oil mill, paper mill wastewater and municipal wastewater. The results of anatomical variations in the epidermis, vascular bundle, palisade, and mesophyll cells indicated that the apical part, center, and base of leaf blade all showed normal structure and healthy cells when irrigated with rice mill wastewater and paper mill wastewater, while the center of leaf blade also showed good results when irrigated with the municipal wastewater. So, the results indicate that pea plants can be grown with wastewater from the rice mill, paper mill and municipal wastewater. In the future, wastewater from rice mills, paper mills and municipal wastewater should be considered to check for possible anatomical variations in other plants.

Aspergillus oryzae Grown on Rice Hulls Used as an Additive for Pretreatment of Starch-Containing Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

From an industrial point of view, the use of microorganisms as a wastewater bioremediation practice represents a sustainable and economic alternative for conventional treatments. In this work, we investigated the starch bioremediation of paper mill wastewater (PMW) with Aspergillus oryzae. This amylase-producing fungus was tested in submerged fermentation technology (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) on rice hulls. The tests were conducted to assay the concentration of the reducing sugars on paper mill wastewater. The bioremediation of starch in the wastewater was carried out by A. oryzae, which proved capable of growing in this complex media as well as expressing its amylase activity.

Treatment of Real Wastewater from Organic Contaminants by Using Biochar

In a number of water use schemes (water and wastewater treatment), physicochemical treatment methods, in particular adsorption, have been successfully used. However, widespread adoption of these methods is hindered by the high cost of sorbents. One of the promising solutions to these problem of sorption treatment is the use of biochar. Due to its high specific surface area, well-developed porous structure, and surface functionality, biochar has been used as inexpensive adsorbent. The purpose of the laboratory experiments is to determine the sorption properties of biochar obtained from pine – sorption capacity, sorption rate, and purification effect – while removing organic contaminants from real paper mill wastewater. The sorption properties of biochar were studied under static and dynamic conditions, varying the size of the fractions, and processing time. The sorption characteristics of biochar of all the studied fractions were established and it was shown that the most effective sorbent in removing organic contaminants is the 1-biochar’s fraction of (sorption capacity of 11.9 mg of COD per of sorbent). The data obtained enable theoretically substantiate the presence of certain functional groups on the surface of the researched biochar, as well as to develop technological regimes for the treatment of natural and waste waters of a certain composition with its help.

Study on the Removal of Fluorescent Whitening Agent from Paper-Mill Wastewater Using the Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) with Ozone Oxidation Process

In this study, paper-mill wastewater was treated using the Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) process. In particular, the ozone oxidation treatment process is applied after SMBR to remove the fluorescent whitening agent, which is a trace pollutant and non-biodegradable. Fluorescent whitening agent concentration was indirectly measured by UV scanning and COD concentration. The concentration of COD before SMBR and ozone oxidation was 449.3 mg/L, and the concentration of treated water was 100.3 mg/ℓ. The COD removal efficiency of paper-mill wastewater through SMBR and the ozone oxidation process was about 77.68%. The optimized amount of ozone was required for the removal of the fluorescent whitening agent after SMBR was 95 mg·O3/ℓ calculated by UV scan results. Additionally, the optimized amount of required ozone to remove COD was calculated to 0.126 mg·COD/mg·O3.