Background: The opioid epidemic has led to a dramatic increase in the rate of invasive bacterial infections, including a 4-fold increase in sepsis and a 12-fold increase in endocarditis. The increase has been demonstrated in both veteran and nonveteran populations (Fig. 1). Thus, an urgent need exists to develop novel tools to educate patients and providers regarding (1) at-risk moments among intravenous drug users and (2) methods for preventing transmission of bacterial and viral infections associated with injection drug use. Methods: We conducted a survey among medical trainees and staff and collected information about knowledge and attitudes about harm-reduction services. To address gaps in knowledge, we developed an educational tool for promoting better infection prevention practices among patients who inject drugs by adapting the WHO Five Moments of Hand Hygiene. Results: In total, 43 medical trainees and staff responded to the survey. All respondents regarded infections as a serious risk among patients who inject drugs, although there was variation in perception about which types of pathogens were the most likely to be acquired through this pathway (ie, bacterial vs viral). Among survey respondents, 15 of 39 (38%) reported that they have counseled patients who inject drugs about infection prevention, whereas 24 (58%) reported that they had never provided counseling. The reason for the lack of counseling was primarily a lack of knowledge and a lack of resources (10 of 24, 42%). One-quarter (6 of 24, 25%) reported that they did perceive infection prevention counseling to be part of their role. To solve this knowledge and resource gap, we developed an educational tool designed to promote understanding of the risk of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and how to prevent them (Fig. 2, A and B). The “Six Moments” model highlights important high-risk moments and activities, such as skin cleaning, use of clean needles, and avoiding oral contamination of needles, as well as the corresponding pathogens that can be transmitted at each stage. Infection prevention strategies are them applied to demonstrate how these infections can be averted. The tool focuses on simple infection prevention interventions that can be taught to patients and providers not trained in infection control to limit transmission of infections associated with IV drug use and addresses the knowledge gap identified through the provider survey. Conclusions: This novel tool can be part of a comprehensive educational program that translates infection prevention principles and applies them to reduce infectious morbidity and mortality related to injection drug use.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
Six Moments of Infection Prevention in Injection Drug Use: An Educational Toolkit for Clinicians