scholarly journals Lower trapezius and serratus anterior activation: which exercise to use for scapular neuromuscular reeducation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Py Gonçalves Barreto ◽  
Caroline Cabral Robinson ◽  
Clarice Sperotto dos Santos Rocha ◽  
Fernando Carlos Mothes ◽  
Fábio Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
The Military ◽  
Muscular Activation

Introduction: Low levels of activation of the serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) muscles are associated with kinematics dysfunctions of the scapular belt, for which the focus of functional recovery is neuromuscular reeducation. Hence, the proposed exercises should keep muscular activation at levels between 20% and 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Objectives: To compare the activation of SA and LT muscles in different exercises by using surface electromyography. Methods: Five exercises (modified crucifix, scaption, modified military press, pull over and low row) were executed by ten healthy subjects. Results: The highest SA activation was found during scaption, and the adequate activation occurred in the modified military press. The highest LT activation was found during scaption and low row exercises. Conclusions: The exercises that kept the recommended range of activation for neuromuscular reeducation were the military press, for the SA muscle, and the low row and scaption, for the LT muscle.

Scapula Muscle Activations During Overhead Throwing Holds

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Oliver ◽  
Lisa Henning ◽  
Hillary Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Overhead Throwing ◽  
Muscle Activations ◽  
Lower Trapezius

The purpose of this study was to examine activations of selected scapular stabilizing musculature while performing an overhead throw with a hold (not releasing the ball) in two different throwing positions—standing with a crow hop and kneeling on the ipsilateral knee. Surface electromyography was used to examine activations of throwing side lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT). Muscle activations were recorded while performing the overhead throw with holds while in two throwing positions. MANOVA results revealed no significant differences between the two throwing conditions and muscle activations of LT, MT, SA, and UT: F(8,124) = .804, p = .600; Wilks’s Λ = .904, partial η2 = .049. Although no significant differences were observed in the scapular stabilizers between the two conditions, moderate (21–50% MVIC) to high (> 50% MVIC) activations of each muscle were present, indicating that nonrelease throws may be beneficial for scapular stabilization in throwers.

scholarly journals Scapular Retraction Under Adduction Load: an Alternative to Overhead Exercises to Activate Infraspinatus, Upper and Lower Trapezius in Subjects With and Without Shoulder Pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson James dos Santos ◽  
Rebeca Orozco Nagy ◽  
Matheus Almeida Souza ◽  
Leonardo Intelangelo ◽  
Michelle Almeida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Condition Effect ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Exercises for lower trapezius (LT) often use overhead positions, causing compressive forces to the subacromial space. Scapular retraction would be an alternative to activate LT muscle. Electromyography of infraspinatus (IS), upper (UT) and LT was recorded during scapular retraction under progressive adduction loads of 42 participants, divided in 2 groups: with (SP, n=26) and without shoulder pain (nSP, n=16). The adduction loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction were applied using a load cell. Normalized electromyography and the ratio between UT and LT (UT:LT) were used for statistical analysis. No differences were observed between groups, but a condition effect occurred for all muscles: UT showed higher values at 50% vs. 20% (p=0.004); LT showed higher values on 40% and 50% (p=0.001; 0.006). Higher values for IS were noted at 40% (vs 20%; p=0.04), and at 50% (vs. 20%; p=0.001, vs. 30%, p=0.001; vs. 40%; p=0.001). UT:LT showed lower values at 50% (vs. 20%; p=0.001, and vs. 30%; p=0.016). Scapular retraction with adduction loads at 40-50% is an alternative to overhead exercises aiming to activate the LT and the IS muscles. The exercise ensures higher levels of LT and IS excitation, without increasing UT excitation.

scholarly journals Scapular Retraction under Adduction Load: An Alternative to Overhead Exercises to Activate Infraspinatus, Upper, and Lower Trapezius in Subjects with and without Shoulder Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9251
Author(s):  
Jefferson James dos Santos ◽  
Rebeca Orozco Nagy ◽  
Matheus Almeida Souza ◽  
Leonardo Intelangelo ◽  
Michelle Almeida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Painful Shoulder ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Condition Effect ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Exercises for lower trapezius (LT) often use overhead positions, causing compressive forces to the subacromial space. Scapular retraction would be an alternative to activate LT muscle. The present study aimed to assess the excitation levels of infraspinatus, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles during a scapular retraction exercise under progressive adduction loads in subjects with and without painful shoulder. Electromyography of infraspinatus (IS), upper trapezius (UT), and LT was recorded during scapular retraction under progressive adduction loads of 42 participants, divided into two groups: with (SP, n = 26) and without shoulder pain (nSP, n = 16). The adduction loads of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were applied using a load cell. Normalized electromyography and the ratio between UT and LT (UT:LT) were used for statistical analysis. No differences were observed between groups, but a condition effect occurred for all muscles: UT showed higher values at 50% vs. 20% of MVC (p = 0.004); LT showed higher values on 40% and 50% of MVC (p = 0.001; 0.006). Higher values for IS were noted at 40% of MVC (vs. 20% of MVC; p = 0.04) and at 50% of MVC (vs. 20% of MVC; p = 0.001, vs. 30% of MVC, p = 0.001; vs. 40% of MVC; p = 0.001). UT:LT showed lower values at 50% of MVC (vs. 20% of MVC; p = 0.001 and vs. 30% of MVC; p = 0.016). Scapular retraction with adduction loads at 40–50% is an alternative to overhead exercises aiming to activate the LT and the IS muscles. The exercise ensures higher levels of LT and IS excitation without increasing UT excitation.

Intrarater Reliability of Assessing Strength of the Shoulder and Scapular Muscles

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Celik ◽  
Ahmet Dirican ◽  
Gul Baltaci
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Context: Handheld dynamometry (HHD) is considered an objective method of measuring strength, but the reliability of the procedure can be compromised by inadequate tester strength and insufficient stabilization of the dynamometer especially, for the scapular muscles. Objective: Primarily, to determine the intrarater reliability of HHD when testing shoulder and scapular muscle strength, and secondarily, to report reliability when corrected for body-mass index (BMI). Design: Technical report. Setting: University physiotherapy department. Participants: 57 adults (17 men, 40 women; mean age = 35.05 ± 13.5 y), both healthy individuals and patients with shoulder impingement. Intervention: HHD. Main Outcome Variables: Muscle strength of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; anterior deltoid; serratus anterior; supraspinatus; and latissimus dorsi determined by HHD. Each muscle was assessed 3 times, and the mean value was calculated. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to BMI. Group 1: BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2 (n = 22); Group 2: BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 (n = 54); and Group 3: BMI ≤ 29.9 kg/m2 (n = 38). Results: Correlations were calculated for each pair of strength scores. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .77 to .99 in healthy subjects and from .75 to .99 in patients, for all muscle groups except the upper trapezius (P < .05). Reliability values ranged from good to high in healthy subjects but were less consistent for the upper trapezius (ICC .45-.65). The relationship with BMI and muscle strength illustrates that as BMI increases, there is a decrease in reliability values of the lower trapezius (ICC = .35-.65). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that evaluating the strength of scapular and shoulder muscles using HHD presents reliable results for both patients with impingement syndrome and healthy subjects. Reliability values were compressed when testing the trapezius in subjects with higher BMI. This is likely a result of the examiner's difficulty in overcoming the patients with this maneuver.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surface Electromyography During Maximal Voluntary Contraction

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcas M. Bamman ◽  
Steve G. Ingram ◽  
John F. Caruso ◽  
Michael C. Greenisen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction

Normalization to Maximal Voluntary Contraction is Influenced by Subacromial Pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Ettinger ◽  
Jason Weiss ◽  
Matthew Shapiro ◽  
Andrew Karduna
Keyword(s):  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Subacromial Injection ◽  
Shoulder Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Trapezius

In this study, we aimed to determine if electromyography (EMG) normalization to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) was influenced by subacromial pain in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Patients performed MVICs in unique testing positions for each shoulder muscle tested before and after subacromial injection of local anesthetic. In addition to collection of MVIC data, EMG data during an arm elevation task were recorded before and after injection. From a visual analog pain scale, patients had a 64% decrease in pain following the injection. Significant increases in MVICs were noted in 4 of the 7 shoulder muscles tested: anterior, middle and posterior deltoid, and lower trapezius. No significant differences were noticed for the upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, or serratus anterior. MVIC condition (pre and post injection) had a significant influence on EMG normalization for the anterior deltoid and lower trapezius muscle. Results indicate that subacromial pain can influence shoulder muscle activity, especially for the deltoid muscles and lower trapezius. In addition, normalization to MVIC in the presence of pain can have unpredictable results. Caution should be taken when normalizing EMG data to MVIC in the presence of pain.

Stepwise increase of upper limb muscle activity induced by progressive 4 positions of a handstand training

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kinoshita ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Naoko Yokota ◽  
Masashi Hashimoto ◽  
Yuichiro Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Different Levels

BACKGROUND: Handstand is the most important fundamental skill in gymnastics. A gradual and well-balanced increase in muscle loading in a manner is preferred for young beginners and/or recovering gymnasts to safely achieve the muscle strength required to perform a stable handstand. OBJECTIVE: To examine upper limb muscle activity during different levels of handstand training positions. METHODS: This study utilized four different positions for progressive handstand training; namely, the 90, 135, elbow stand, and handstand positions. The activities of eight upper limb muscles (upper, middle, and lower trapezius; serratus anterior; anterior and middle deltoid; infraspinatus; and latissimus dorsi were measured by surface electromyography (EMG) for each position. The percentages of EMG in each muscle compared to the values during maximum voluntary contraction were calculated and compared between the positions. RESULTS: Muscle activity around the shoulder increased gradually throughout the progression of the four handstand training positions. Furthermore, the muscles required for scapular stabilization, such as the upper and middle trapezius and serratus anterior muscles, were activated at levels similar to those for a handstand without performing this movement. CONCLUSIONS: A progressive handstand training program of four different positions resulted in gradual and well-balanced increases in muscle activity.

scholarly journals Shoulder Muscle Activity in Sport Climbing in Naturally Chosen and Corrected Shoulder Positions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Jiří Baláš ◽  
Alena Duchačová ◽  
David Giles ◽  
Kateřina Kotalíková ◽  
David Pánek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Shoulder Muscle ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Objective:The aim of the study was to determine electromyographic activity of the scapula stabilizing muscles in naturally chosen and corrected shoulder positions in typical static climbing postures.Methods:Six male participants undertook surface electromyography measurement in four climbing postures for two different shoulder positions. The activity of the lower, middle and upper trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and sternocleidomastoid was recorded. Electromyographic activity was expressed as the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for each muscle.Results:Climbing postures induced higher activation of middle and lower trapezius in corrected shoulder positions (35.3 ± 11.8 and 61.7 ± 15.4% MVC respectively) than in naturally chosen shoulder positions (18.4 ± 8.9 and 30.1 ± 13.8% MVC respectively). The highest activity of the middle and lower trapezius was found in postures with the arm in external rotation and 90° abduction and in an overhanging posture. Low activation was stated for the other muscles in both shoulder conditions.Conclusion:Results showed that climbers naturally elevate the shoulder during typical static postures. Corrected shoulder positions induce higher activation of the scapula stabilizing muscles than naturally chosen shoulder positions.

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