scholarly journals Produtividade, desenvolvimento econômico e alfabetização funcional: alguns resultados

Dialogia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Spolidoro Queiroz ◽  
Daniel Augusto Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
International Adult Literacy Survey ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

Este trabalho apresenta algumas implicações das deficiências de habilidades de alfabetização funcional para a produtividade de um país e, conseqüentemente, para seu desenvolvimento econômico e social. Destaca, em primeiro lugar, o conceito de alfabetização funcional, discorrendo sobre os principais levantamentos no exterior, nomeadamente o Young Adult Literacy Survey (Yals) e o National Adult Literacy Survey (Nals), ambos dos Estados Unidos, e o International Adult Literacy Survey (Ials), envolvendo 20 países. Discorre sobre as principais informações existentes no Brasil e aponta, em seguida, a importância destacada da alfabetização funcional, de forma independente da educação formal. Finalmente, com o auxílio de dados internacionais, mostra a influência da alfabetização funcional nos salários, na situação de emprego, na taxa de desemprego e nas oportunidades de treinamento contínuo. Nas conclusões, são sugeridas, brevemente, algumas estratégias e políticas para combater o problema tanto em nível público quanto privado.

Cognitive Skill and Economic Inequality: Findings from the National Adult Literacy Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Raudenbush ◽  
Rafa Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

Few would deny that the civil rights and women's movements have substantially changed U.S. society. Yet ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings remain large. Even when comparisons are confined to persons of similar educational attainment, African Americans and Hispanic Americans earn less than European Americans, women earn less than men, and African Americans suffer a substantially elevated risk of unemployment. One prominent explanation for ethnic differences in earnings and employment is that, holding constant access to schooling, differences in economic outcomes reflect differences in cognitive skills that have become decisive in the modern labor market. A prominent explanation for the gender gap emphasizes gender differences in occupational preference, with women choosing occupations that are lower paying. Based on an intensive analysis of data from the U.S. National Adult Literacy Survey, the authors find that these two explanations are only partly successful in illuminating ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings. Alternative explanations emphasizing labor market discrimination and residential segregation cannot be ignored. In this article, Stephen Raudenbush and Rafa Kasim consider the implications of this new evidence for current debates about affirmative action and educational reform.

scholarly journals Closing the Gender Gap

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Dale J. Cohen ◽  
Sheida White ◽  
Steffaney B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
Current State ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

This study analyzed the current state of the gender literacy gap and the change in the gender literacy gap between 1992 and 2003, using the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) and the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). The results revealed that although there were significant gender literacy gaps in 1992, virtually all male-paramount literacy gaps (males obtaining higher scores than females) disappeared in the 2003 survey. Much of this gain can be ascribed to more women participating in higher education. Variations in literacy gap changes by race (Black and White) and educational attainment were also investigated.

The Role of Wage and Skill Differences in US-German Employment Differences / Die Bedeutung von Lohn- und Qualifikationsunterschieden für die deutschen-amerikanischen Beschäftigungsunterschiede

1999 ◽  
Vol 219 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Freeman ◽  
Ronald Schettkat
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
International Adult Literacy Survey

SummaryThe most popular explanation for greater job creation in the US than in Germany is that greater dispersion of wages coupled with less regulations governing the labour market and the product market in the US has induced firms to employ many less skilled workers. While popular, these explanations turn out to be difficult to prove empirically.Based on the Comparative German American Structural Database and the International Adult Literacy Survey we find that:1. Employment rates differ more than unemployment rates by skill levels and overall.2. German and US relative pay by level of skill was similar in 1970 but diverged in the 1980s.3. The German work force is more skilled than the US work force especially at the lower skill levels.4. The employment of skilled to unskilled labour within industries is unrelated to country differences in skill premium but changes in relatives wages are related to changes in relative employment.5. The differing dispersion of wages is not a major contributor to differences in employment rates between Germany and the US. The jobs problem in Germany is not primarily one of relative labor demand but of demand for labor in general.

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