scholarly journals Closing the Gender Gap

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Dale J. Cohen ◽  
Sheida White ◽  
Steffaney B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
Current State ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

This study analyzed the current state of the gender literacy gap and the change in the gender literacy gap between 1992 and 2003, using the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) and the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). The results revealed that although there were significant gender literacy gaps in 1992, virtually all male-paramount literacy gaps (males obtaining higher scores than females) disappeared in the 2003 survey. Much of this gain can be ascribed to more women participating in higher education. Variations in literacy gap changes by race (Black and White) and educational attainment were also investigated.

Cognitive Skill and Economic Inequality: Findings from the National Adult Literacy Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Raudenbush ◽  
Rafa Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

Few would deny that the civil rights and women's movements have substantially changed U.S. society. Yet ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings remain large. Even when comparisons are confined to persons of similar educational attainment, African Americans and Hispanic Americans earn less than European Americans, women earn less than men, and African Americans suffer a substantially elevated risk of unemployment. One prominent explanation for ethnic differences in earnings and employment is that, holding constant access to schooling, differences in economic outcomes reflect differences in cognitive skills that have become decisive in the modern labor market. A prominent explanation for the gender gap emphasizes gender differences in occupational preference, with women choosing occupations that are lower paying. Based on an intensive analysis of data from the U.S. National Adult Literacy Survey, the authors find that these two explanations are only partly successful in illuminating ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings. Alternative explanations emphasizing labor market discrimination and residential segregation cannot be ignored. In this article, Stephen Raudenbush and Rafa Kasim consider the implications of this new evidence for current debates about affirmative action and educational reform.

scholarly journals Produtividade, desenvolvimento econômico e alfabetização funcional: alguns resultados

Dialogia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Spolidoro Queiroz ◽  
Daniel Augusto Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
International Adult Literacy Survey ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

Este trabalho apresenta algumas implicações das deficiências de habilidades de alfabetização funcional para a produtividade de um país e, conseqüentemente, para seu desenvolvimento econômico e social. Destaca, em primeiro lugar, o conceito de alfabetização funcional, discorrendo sobre os principais levantamentos no exterior, nomeadamente o Young Adult Literacy Survey (Yals) e o National Adult Literacy Survey (Nals), ambos dos Estados Unidos, e o International Adult Literacy Survey (Ials), envolvendo 20 países. Discorre sobre as principais informações existentes no Brasil e aponta, em seguida, a importância destacada da alfabetização funcional, de forma independente da educação formal. Finalmente, com o auxílio de dados internacionais, mostra a influência da alfabetização funcional nos salários, na situação de emprego, na taxa de desemprego e nas oportunidades de treinamento contínuo. Nas conclusões, são sugeridas, brevemente, algumas estratégias e políticas para combater o problema tanto em nível público quanto privado.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS: APPLYING US EXPERICENCE TO UKRAINAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Olha Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Current State

The article discusses the current state of professional training of engineers, in particular, electronics engineers in Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEIs) and explores best practices from US HEIs. The research outlines the features of professional training of electronics engineers and recent changes in Ukrainian HEIs. Such challenges for Ukrainian HEIs as lack of collaboration between higher education and science with industry, R&D cost reduction for HEIs, and downsizing the research and academic staff, the disparity between the available quality of human capital training and the demanded are addressed. The study attempts to identify successful practices of US HEIs professional training of engineers in order to suggest potential improvements in education, research, and innovation for training electronics engineers in Ukraine.

The Indian University in a Comparative Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Madhava Menon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
University System ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

The purpose of looking at Indian universities in a comparative perspective is obviously to locate it among higher education institutions across the world and to identify its strengths and weaknesses in the advancement of learning and research. In doing so, one can discern the directions for reform in order to put the university system in a competitive advantage for an emerging knowledge society. This chapter looks at the current state of universities in India and highlights the initiatives under way for change and proposes required policy changes.

scholarly journals Integrating International Student Mobility in Work-Based Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Graf ◽  
Justin J. W. Powell ◽  
Johann Fortwengel ◽  
Nadine Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Incoming Students ◽  
And Training

Dual study programs are hybrid forms of work-based higher education that have expanded very rapidly in Germany—a country traditionally considered a key model in both higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET). The continued expansion of these hybrid programs increasingly raises questions if, how, and why they may be internationalized. Although comparative research suggests that this could be challenging due to the uniqueness of the German education and training system, strong forces support internationalization. This study examines the current state and the future prospects of internationalization of such innovative dual study programs by focusing on student mobility, a key dimension of internationalization. We find growing interest in but still relatively little mobility related to dual study programs, whether among German (outgoing) or international (incoming) students. Based on expert interviews and document analysis, we extend existing typologies of student mobility regarding specific features of work-based HE programs. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities—at home and abroad—for increasing student mobility in this rapidly expanding sector.

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