scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. VI. Frequency distribution of the total species diversity and evenness indices as a function of the area size. Summing-up discussion

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska ◽  
Ewa Symonides
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Total Species

Homogeneity of the <em>Leucobryo-Pinetum</em> phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the agreement of frequency distributions of the total species diversity (A) and evenness (e) indices with the normal distribution. It was confirmed that: 1) empirical frequency distributions of H and e fitted the normal distribution only at some quadrat sizes; 2) values of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were non-linear functions of the area size; 3) mean H and e values calculated for small quadrats (1 and 2 m<sup>2</sup>) differed from those calculated for average (4 and 8 m<sup>2</sup>) and large (16 and 32 m<sup>2</sup>) quadrats: 4) the area size at which frequency distributions of both indices were symmetrical determined the scale of spatial differentiation of the phytocoenose, under which it was homogeneous.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. I. Distribution of the total species diversity and evenness indices as a homogeneity measure

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-463
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska ◽  
Ewa Symonides
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Dwarf Shrubs ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Total Species

Homogeneity of the <em>Leucobryo-Pinetum</em> phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of distributions of the total species diversity (H) and evenness e indices. In spite of the uniform physiognomy of the patch. caused by pure, even-aged, one-layered forest stand and apparent dominance of dwarf-shrubs in the ground layer, phytocoenose under study was heterogeneous. It resulted in the discrepancy between empirical distributions of H and e, and the normal distribution, as well as in the contagious spatial distributions of both indices.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. V. Frequency distributions of similarity and distance coefficients as a function of the area size

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska ◽  
Ewa Symonidis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Distributions

Homogeneity of the <em>Leucobryo-Pinetum</em> phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the type of frequency distributions of similarity and Euclidean distance coefficients. It was confirmed that: 1) the type of frequency distributions of similarity and distance coefficients, as well as values of their statistical characteristics depended on the area size; 2) for analysed phytocoenose the area size at which frequency distributions of both coefficients were symmetrical, i.e., fitted the normal distribution, could be determined; 3) at the same time such area determined the scale of spatial differentiation of the phytocoenose under which it was homogeneous.

scholarly journals Verification of normal distribution of welding distortions

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Grzesiak ◽  
Jarosław Plichta
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Butt Welds ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Smirnov Test

The aim of this paper is to answer the question of the distribution of welding distortions. The MIG method was used to make 31 butt welds of 0H18N9 sheet metal, of 6 mm thickness and dimensions 150x350 mm. All joints are made with constant parameters of the welding process. Statistical analysis of the distribution and Kolomogorov-Smirnov test were used in this paper. On the grounds of the analysis it was proved that the distribution of welding deformations is a normal distribution. This justifies the use of experiment planning methods and the use of average values. The relatively high value of the standard deviation makes it necessary to take into account the geometrical parameters of the joint.

Mechanoreceptor and Photoreceptor Tonic Integration in the Crayfish

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galeano ◽  
S. Beliveau
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Caudal Photoreceptor ◽  
Deviation Coefficient ◽  
Variation Interval ◽  
Density Results

The activity of the caudal photoreceptor of crayfish was studied in: (1) intact tail ganglion, (2) partially isolated, and (3) totally isolated ganglion preparations. Statistical analysis of the photoreceptor activity included average frequency, average interval, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interval histograms, auto-expectation density, and cross-expectation density. Results showed that the average influence of the mechanoreceptor synapses on the photoreceptors during a period of several seconds was inhibitory, strong on the contralateral and weak on the ipsilateral side.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Basketball Teams Through Normal Distribution and R Programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Sports Analytics ◽  
R Programming Language ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Two Parameters

Basketball has existed for almost 130 years, becoming one of the most famous sports worldwide by affecting millions of lives and having national and global tournaments. With the general improvement of people's concern and love for sports competition, sports analytics’ role will become more prominent. Hence, this paper combines the relevant knowledge of statistics and typical basketball competition cases from NBA, expounding the application of statistics in sports competition. The paper first examines the importance of normal distribution (also called Gaussian distribution) in statistics through its probability density function and the function's graph. The function has two parameters: the mean for the maximum and standard deviation for the distance away from the mean[1]. By compiling datasets of past teams and individuals for their basketball performances and making simple calculations of their standard deviation and mean, the paper constructs normal distribution graphs using the R programming language. Finally, the paper examines the Real Plus-Minus value and its importance in basketball.

scholarly journals The variability of the flatfoot frequency depending on the diagnostic criteria and the method of statistical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Kenis ◽  
Alyona J. Dimitrieva ◽  
Andrei V. Sapogovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Definition ◽  
The Law

Background. Flatfoot frequency in children varies from 0.6% to 77.9%. This wide-range data is associated with lack of uniform diagnostic criteria and method of statistical analysis. Aim. This study aimed to demonstrate the variability in flatfoot frequency in the same population using different indices of footprint and methods of statistical analysis. Material and methods. This study included 317 school-age children. Children with orthopedic and foot pathology were excluded. The main evaluation methods were clinical examination, computer plantography with footprint index calculation (Staheli index, Chippaux–Smirak index, Clarke’s angle, podometric index, arch height index), and statistical analysis (descriptive statistics methods with Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk criteria, data definition according to the law of normal distribution with standard deviation and quartile assessment). Results. According to the law of normal distribution (with a double standard deviation), our study demonstrated that the flatfoot frequency using the plantar footprint indices varies from 1.6% to 4.8% in 7–17-year-old children and using the medial footprint indices, from 1.28% to 2.8% in the same age. Quartile assessment method showed a flatfoot frequency of 5.85%–28.33% with plantar foot indices and 5.7%–15.43% with medial footprint indices. Conclusion. The different plantographic indices and methods of statistical analysis demonstrated that the frequency of a flattened longitudinal arch of the feet in a population may differ significantly. Thus, the frequency of flatfoot determined on the basis of indices calculated on the medial footprint is 1.7–1.8 times lower than that determined on the plantar footprint. In addition, the frequency of flatfoot is 5.5–5.9 times lower than that determined by the quartile assessment.

The Research on Two Test Methods of the Normal Distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 772-774
Author(s):  
Jin Huang Wu ◽  
Jun Sheng Wang ◽  
Yi Dong Wang ◽  
Jun Wei Lei
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Normal Parent ◽  
Characteristic Value ◽  
The Mean

The characteristic value of the normal parent population, such as the mean, the percentile, the percentage, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation, are often tested in engineering. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Epps-Pulley test are established in this paper to get the characteristic value of the normal parent population, which can satisfy different practical requirements.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. II. Species frequency distribution and frequency distribution of the standing biomass as a function of the area size

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-475
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska ◽  
Ewa Symonides
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Standing Biomass

Homogeneity of the <em>Leucobryo-Pineium</em> phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the species frequency distribution and frequency distributions of the total ground-layer biomass and those of individual species. It was confirmed that: 1) species frequency distribution and frequency distribution of biomass, as well as their statistical characteristics depended on the area size and 2) for analysed phytocoenose the area at which frequency distributions of both measures were symmetrical could be determined. The studies showed that phytocoenose homogeneity was related only to the definite area size, i.e. to the definite scale of its spatial differentiation.

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