Mechanoreceptor and Photoreceptor Tonic Integration in the Crayfish

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galeano ◽  
S. Beliveau

The activity of the caudal photoreceptor of crayfish was studied in: (1) intact tail ganglion, (2) partially isolated, and (3) totally isolated ganglion preparations. Statistical analysis of the photoreceptor activity included average frequency, average interval, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interval histograms, auto-expectation density, and cross-expectation density. Results showed that the average influence of the mechanoreceptor synapses on the photoreceptors during a period of several seconds was inhibitory, strong on the contralateral and weak on the ipsilateral side.

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Milorad Mirilovic ◽  
Ivana Pejin

Statistics today represent a group of scientific methods for the quantitative and qualitative investigation of variations in mass appearances. In fact, statistics present a group of methods that are used for the accumulation, analysis, presentation and interpretation of data necessary for reaching certain conclusions. Statistical analysis is divided into descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. The values which represent the results of an experiment, and which are the subject of observation of a certain occurrence, are called parameters and they are divided into descriptive and numerical. All numerical parameters are divided into non-continuous and continuous. The graphic presentation of the distribution of frequencies can be by poligon or histogram. The most frequently applied descriptive statistical methods are: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of arithmetic mean, variation coefficient, and variation interval.


2018 ◽  
Vol III (IV) ◽  
pp. 515-533
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Malik Amer Atta ◽  
Muhammad Ayaz

The study focuses on the participation of community through PTC in the arrangement of different curricular and co-curricular activities in schools for betterment of students and enhancement of their qualities. A valid and reliable questionnaire was served to the two categories of stakeholders i.e. PTC members (Chairman and secretary) and Non-PTC members (Parents and Teachers). A sample of one hundred schools randomly selected from two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Mean, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, t-distribution and p-value were applied as statistical tools. Responses of both groups show moderate response and show that participation of community is found for the first variable i.e. arranging curricular activities but there is opposite opinion found in the point of view of both group regarding the arrangement of co-curricular activities in schools; response of PTC members group is positive but non PTC members group did not support it.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaima Lailatul Mubarokah ◽  
Wini Nahraeni ◽  
Arti Yusdiarti ◽  
Arifah Rahayu

This study aims to identify 1) the source of production risk in some indigenous leaf vegetables, especially basil 2) the level of risks encountered, and 3) formulate strategies tocontrol the risk of production of indigenous leaf vegetable. The research was conducted in Kecamatan Kadudampit Sukabumi, the method of sampling used simple random sampling.The number of farmers were 42 farmers. In specialization activities, the method to process risk data used are analysis of variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Theresults showed that the source of production risk faced by farmers were weather / climate, pest and disease diseases and seed quality. The expected return value of basil commodityRp.1.801.204 with the risk level of losses was 0.382 or 38%. Strategies that could be done to reduced the risk was the diversification activity with . timing and appropriate commodities of diversification activities, plan intercropping cropping pattern between two combination basil with lettuce were 60% and 40% and basil with gourd were 60% and 40%, risk managementin production through preventive strategies with improvement of physical facilities and mitigation strategies with pest and disease controls encountered.Keywords: basil, variance analysis, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, risk management.


2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska ◽  
Ewa Symonides

Homogeneity of the <em>Leucobryo-Pinetum</em> phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the agreement of frequency distributions of the total species diversity (A) and evenness (e) indices with the normal distribution. It was confirmed that: 1) empirical frequency distributions of H and e fitted the normal distribution only at some quadrat sizes; 2) values of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were non-linear functions of the area size; 3) mean H and e values calculated for small quadrats (1 and 2 m<sup>2</sup>) differed from those calculated for average (4 and 8 m<sup>2</sup>) and large (16 and 32 m<sup>2</sup>) quadrats: 4) the area size at which frequency distributions of both indices were symmetrical determined the scale of spatial differentiation of the phytocoenose, under which it was homogeneous.


2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 2945-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Archambault ◽  
Lance F. Bosart ◽  
Daniel Keyser ◽  
Anantha R. Aiyyer

Abstract The influence of large-scale flow regimes on cool-season (November–April) northeastern U.S. (Northeast) precipitation is investigated for the period 1948–2003 from statistical and synoptic perspectives. These perspectives are addressed through (i) a statistical analysis of cool-season Northeast precipitation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific–North American (PNA) regimes (one standard deviation or greater NAO or PNA daily index anomalies persisting several days), and (ii) a composite analysis of the synoptic signatures of major (two standard deviation) 24-h cool-season Northeast precipitation events occurring during NAO and PNA regimes. The statistical analysis reveals that negative PNA regimes are associated with above-average cool-season Northeast precipitation and an above-average frequency of light and moderate precipitation events, whereas the opposite associations are true for positive PNA regimes. In comparison with PNA regimes, NAO regimes are found to have relatively little influence on the amount and frequency of cool-season Northeast precipitation. The composite analysis indicates that a surface cyclone flanked by an upstream trough over the Ohio Valley and downstream ridge over eastern Canada and upper- and lower-level jets in the vicinity of the Northeast are characteristic signatures of major cool-season Northeast precipitation events occurring during NAO and PNA regimes. Negative NAO and positive PNA precipitation events, however, are associated with a more amplified trough–ridge pattern and greater implied Atlantic moisture transport by a low-level jet into the Northeast than positive NAO and negative PNA precipitation events. Furthermore, a signature of lateral upper-level jet coupling is noted only during positive and negative PNA precipitation events.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos André Braz Vaz ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
Enio Júnior Seidel ◽  
Angela Pellegrin Ansuj

ABSTRACT: This research was conducted to propose a classification of the coefficient of variation (CV%) in many categories of variables of production and carcass of beef cattle experiments. The data was collected from theses and dissertations. We used the methods of classification considering mean and standard deviation, and considering median and pseudo-sigma. The two methods showed similar results so both can be used to classify CV%. We propose only three categories to rank CV%: low, medium and high.


2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maklawe Essonanawe Edjabou ◽  
Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández ◽  
Charlotte Scheutz ◽  
Thomas Fruergaard Astrup

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Grzesiak ◽  
Jarosław Plichta

The aim of this paper is to answer the question of the distribution of welding distortions. The MIG method was used to make 31 butt welds of 0H18N9 sheet metal, of 6 mm thickness and dimensions 150x350 mm. All joints are made with constant parameters of the welding process. Statistical analysis of the distribution and Kolomogorov-Smirnov test were used in this paper. On the grounds of the analysis it was proved that the distribution of welding deformations is a normal distribution. This justifies the use of experiment planning methods and the use of average values. The relatively high value of the standard deviation makes it necessary to take into account the geometrical parameters of the joint.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Solovei ◽  

This work researched the linguostatistical indicators of poetic works of P. Karmansky, in particular the lengths of sentences, words and word forms are comprehensively calculated and analyzed. The following values that characterize the poet’s idiostyle are calculated: the number of values (n); maximum value (max); minimum value (min); scope (R); fashion (Mo); median (Md); average (X ̇); standard deviation (σ); coefficient of variation (V); standard error (Sx ̇); relative error (ε). The main object of study of the writer’s idiostyle is the language of his works of art, the set of linguistic means that decide the artist as an individual among others. The unified basis of all units of idiosyncrasy is the author’s worldview. Therefore, the problem of studying individual style is closely related to the problems of the linguistic picture of the world and the linguistic personality of the writer. P. Karmansky’s poetry is an interesting and little-studied phenomenon in Ukrainian literature. In listening to a number of researchers considered the life of P. Karmansky, separately thematic work, characterized by the peculiarities of those who compose his poetics. Instead, the creative work of P. Karmansky did not become the object of linguistic and statistical analysis, which determines the relevance and novelty of the study. The research corpus systematizes the author's poetry is systematized on the basis of his collections, publications in contemporary periodicals and manuscripts. The material of the study was the texts of Petro Karmansky’s collection «Poeziyi», published in Kyiv by «Ukrayinskyy pysmennyk» in 1992, which is considered one of the most complete collections, containing previously unpublished poems (the total number of poems in this collection - 334). The analysis showed that Karmansky used to use sentences of four words and words of four letters. The list of the nine most common word forms that appeared in Karmansky’s selected poems is «і» – 1714 times, «в» – 1157 times, «не» – 605 разів, «з» – 532, «на» – 507, «що» – 461, «як» – 429, «я» – 326, «а» – 207. It turns out how the poetic handwriting of the artist changed during his life.It turns out how the poetic handwriting of the artist changed during his life.


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