Level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector in Taro village before and after counseling

Introduction: Taro village has a higher risk of gathering the people since it is one of the most popular tourism sectors in Bali hence increasing the potential to spread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The level of knowledge plays an important role in determining whether the society is ready to implement the health protocols or not. This community service aims to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector in the Taro village. Method: This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design in Taro village, Bali. Respondents filled out the questionnaire before and after counseling. The questionnaire consisted of 10 items of knowledge. The participants were Taro’s residents who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 31 respondents were taken. The data were tested for normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analyzed with paired T-test using the IBM SPSS statistics version 25. Significance was determined at a 5% level (P-value ≤0.05). Results: A total of 31 valid filled-questionnaires were collected. In general, Taro’s residents’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocol in the tourism sector was sufficient, but some topics are still insufficient. The mean score before counseling was 79,03 ± 1,340 while the mean score after counseling was 86,13 ± 1,366. There was a significant difference (p<0,05) on level of knowledge (p=0,000) before and after counseling. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge of Taro village’s residents toward COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector before and after counseling.

The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures. Materials and Methods Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 Result Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures. Conclusion The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.

The Deadly Nature of the Virus Depression: Iranian Medical Staff Battling COVID-19

Background: COVID-19, which began in December 2019 in China, can have a broader impact on individuals' mental dimensions. Meanwhile, the medical staff battling this epidemic are more at risk of mental and emotional problems. This study aimed to examine the level of stress, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with the level of knowledge of medical staff battling in COVID-19 pandemic treatment. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 641 medical staff using an online platform to design the questionnaire, and its link was placed in different groups of social networks all over the country in which the medical staff battling COVID 19 were members. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, independent one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square. Results: Higher knowledge about COVID-19 was associated with younger age, clinicians, and nurses. Moreover, females were more knowledgeable in terms of support; while males were more reliable in washing hands and disinfecting wet places. Based on the categorical version of psychological factors, the majority of cases had severe stress ( 39.80 % ), normal depression ( 48.50 % ), and normal anxiety ( 57.30 % ). Finally, it was found that married participants had more knowledge about COVID-19, but knew less about its fatality. Conclusion: Studies have shown negative psychological experiences caused by COVID-19 in nurses, including negative emotions, such as fatigue, discomfort, helplessness due to high-intensity work, anxiety, and worry about family members.

The Effects Induced by a Specific Program on the Development of Segmental Flexibility in Athletes Aged 7–14 in Synchronized Swimming

This research aims to expand the knowledge on the level of development of segmental flexibility, to girls aged 7–14 years, who practice synchronized swimming. The study includes 112 girls aged between 7 and 14 years, divided into groups on age, every two years, and on the period of synchronized swimming between 6 months and 42 months. The study focused on three body segments, namely: torso, hip, and shoulder. Segmental flexibility was assessed using 5 tests: standing trunk flexion, shoulder flexibility, Hip-split legs sideways, Hip-split antero-posterior with the right foot forward, and Hip-split antero-posterior with the left foot forward, performed in the gym. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-24 software aiming at the following parameters: arithmetic means (X), standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min), maximum (Max), CI–95% Confidence Interval for Mean with the two lower and upper marks, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for testing the normality of data distribution and a multifactor ANOVA analysis, using the F test. The most significant improvements highlighted by the differences between initial and final were for: the shoulder flexibility test in the 13–14 years’ groups; flexibility of the spine registered the biggest difference between the 9–10 years’ group; for hip-split legs sideways the biggest difference was between 9–10 years’ group and 13–14 years and 9–10 years, too. The hip-split antero-posterior tests with the left and also, for right foot forward, showed the biggest differences between tests for 13–14 age groups. The development of joint flexibility has an upward evolution, being conditioned by the age of the practitioners and by the operating methodology specific to synchronized swimming. The longer the training period, the greater the premises for the development of segmental flexibility.

Customer Digital Engagement and Lifetime Value: An Empirical Study of Telecom Services in India

Digitalization has posed severe challenges to traditional businesses. Traditional firms are still not sure of the benefits of digitally engaging their customers. In contrast, the new-age firms have successfully leveraged digital media. This article examines the relationship between digital adoption by customers and customer lifetime value (CLV). This study analysed the mobile recharges by 13 million rural and urban prepaid telecom customers over 60 million transactions from January 2019 to June 2019 in the Indian telecom industry. The computed predictive CLV has been computed and compared across various customer segments (digitally engaged, partially digitally engaged and digitally unengaged customers). The studied data were statistically validated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The data proved to be non-normally distributed as per the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The results supported that digital adoption helps increase customer engagement, loyalty and CLV. The study presents several managerial implications, such as digitally engaged customers being a surrogate for high value and more profitable customers. Also, digitally engaged customers are relatively more loyal, contributing higher CLV than digitally unengaged customers.

Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN)

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity. Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with ROLIN for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 126 patients (56%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI (score between 25 and 35). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for checking the normal distribution of values (95% CI for the mean = 9.5781 to 20.4219; 95% CI for the median = 6.5920 to 24.8161; SD = 9.7907; Coefficient of Skewness = 0.0743; Coefficient of Kurtosis = −1.1377).Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.

Changes in the Ukrainian expeditioners’ psychological states during long Antarctic stay

Introduction. Extreme conditions of Antarctica and socio-spatial isolation of a small group of expeditioners’ significantly affect their physiological and psychological state. Aim. To empirically investigate the changes in the expeditioners’ psychological state indicators during a year-long Antarctic expedition. Methods. For statistical analysis were used Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation); One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test; and Paired Sample T-Test. Results. The self-assessed indicators of expeditioners’ psychological states rise significantly during the first four months of the year-long expedition. Then their average self-esteem begins to decline gradually, reaching the lowest values in the last two months of stay at the Antarctic station. Conclusions. This study confirms that the long stay and work within an isolated group of people is a factor that affects the expeditioners’ psychological health at the first place.

Firm Characteristics, Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidance:Study on Mining Companies in Indonesia

This research was conducted with the aim of: (1) to determine whether firm characteristics and corporate governance affect tax avoidance in mining companies in Indonesia, and (2) to determine whether corporate governance moderates the relationship between firm characteristics and tax avoidance. The research sample is all mining companieslisted on the IDX forthe period 2015 to 2018, totally 156 observations. From 156 observations, 84 observations can be analyzed. This research data is secondary data in the form of mining company Annual Reports obtained from the official website of the IDX, namely www.idx.co.id and the official websites of the respective companies. Data analysis to test data normality used the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Hypothesis testing uses moderated regression analysis (MRA) with SPSS. The result of the analysis shows that firm characteristics consisting of leverage and ROE have an effect on tax avoidance, while company size has no effect on tax avoidance. Another result is that CG as measured by the proportion of independent commissioners does not moderate the relationship between firm characteristics and tax avoidance.

Özel Sektörde Çalışan Bireylerin Marka Sadakati Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Examination of Brand Loyalty Levels of Individuals Working in the Private Sector Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the brand loyalty levels of individuals working in the private sector. For this purpose, the sample group of the study consists of a total of 291 participants, 223 women and 68 men, selected using the convenient sampling method. In the study, the "Brand Loyalty Scale", developed by Tekin (2020) and validated and reliable, was used as a data collection tool. In order to determine the distribution of personal information of the participants in the analysis of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution, as well as the percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods. It was determined that the data showed a normal distribution, and Parametric tests Independent sample t-test and One-way Anova tests were applied. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of the brand loyalty scale according to the variables of gender, marital status, fan club and following the matches. As a result, the level of brand loyalty varies according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Keywords: Brand, brand loyalty, private sector.

Evaluation gridded precipitation datasets in Indonesia

This preliminary study evaluates ten gridded precipitation datasets in Indonesia, namely APHRODITE, CMORPH, CHIRPS, GFD, SA-OBS, TMPA 3B42 v7, PERSIAN-CDR at 0.25°, moreover GSMaP_NRT V06, GPM-IMERG (Early-Run) V06, and MSWEP V2 at 0.1» in the period of 2003 to 2015. The evaluation focuses on time series bias using metrics such as Mean Error, Coefficient of Variation, Relative Change (Variability), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS-test) at daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. The statistical relationship between the precipitation datasets with reference observational data use Taylor diagrams for evaluating the relative skill of the precipitation dataset. The study aims to evaluate the uncertainty of the precipitation datasets compared to rain gauge datasets. Time series bias of SA-OBS and MSWEP have the nearest value to zero as the best score. The relative skill of monthly rainfall based on rainfall typical shows that MSWEP outperformed in regions A and B, GPM-IMERG in C region. GPM-IMERG's relative skill is outperformed than other datasets at annual time scale in Region A and B, while TMPA 3B42 in Region C. The application of existing precipitation datasets is essential to cope with the limitation of rain gauge observations. This study implicates the development of precipitation products in the Indonesia region.