scholarly journals Pollination biology of Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae): the advantages of being white and compact

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zych
Keyword(s):  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollinator Importance ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Importance Coefficient ◽  
Heracleum Sphondylium ◽  
Insect Group

Two questions were addressed in the present study: (1) What are the main pollinators of the two subspecies of <em>H. sphondylium</em>?, and (2) Do the studied plants share the pollinators' set or are they attractive for different groups of insects? The survey showed that among 40 insect taxa visiting both subspecies of <em>H. sphondylium</em> approx. only 53% carried significant pollen loads. However, the Pollinator Importance Coefficient (IC) calculated for each insect group, and based on observation of insects' abundance, within-umbel activity and pollen load revealed that only two taxa in case of <em>H. s</em>. ssp. <em>sibiricum</em> (<em>Thricops nigrifrons</em>, <em>Eriozona syrphoides</em>) and four in case of <em>H. s</em>. ssp. <em>sphondylium</em> (<em>T. nigrifrons</em>,<em>E. syrphoides</em>, <em>Meliscaeva cinctella</em> and <em>Arge ustulata</em>) were truly important pollinators. Although both subspecies were visited by similar insects, <em>H. s.</em> ssp. <em>sphondylium</em>, with its characteristic compact and white umbels, was visited more frequently by <em>Diptera</em> and <em>Hymenoptera</em>, while yellow-greenish loose umbels of <em>H. s</em>. ssp. <em>sibiricum</em> were preferred by <em>Coleoptera</em>. This paper indicates that the concept of faithful pollinators may also apply to a broader spectrum of <em>Apiaceae</em>, usually considered primitive in terms of pollination strategies, and suggests possible ways of differentiation in two closely related taxa.

scholarly journals Pollen sources in the Bojanów forest complex identified on honeybee pollen load by microscopic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Beata Żuraw ◽  
Agnieszka Marut
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Pollen Traps ◽  
Plant Families

<p>The aim of this study was to determine sources of pollen for the honeybee in the Bojanów forest complex, Nowa Dęba Forest District (southeastern Poland). Sampling of pollen loads from bees extended from the beginning of May until the end of September 2016 and was carried out at 7-day intervals using pollen traps mounted at the entrance of beehives. A total of 73 pollen load samples were collected from the study area.</p><p>Fifty-nine taxa from 31 plant families were identified in the analyzed material. From 4 to 21 taxa (average 9.5) were recorded in one sample. The pollen of Brassicaceae (“others”), <em>Taraxacum</em> type, <em>Solidago</em> type, and <em>Rumex</em> had the highest frequency in the pollen loads examined. Apart from these four taxa, pollen grains of <em>Rubus</em> type, Poaceae (“others”), <em>Calluna</em>, <em>Fagopyrum</em>, <em>Trifolium repens</em> s. l., <em>Phacelia</em>, <em>Aster</em> type, <em>Melampyrum</em>, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Cornus</em>, and <em>Veronica</em> were recorded in the dominant pollen group. The forest habitat taxa that provided pollen rewards to honeybees in the Bojanów forest complex were the following: <em>Rubus</em>, <em>Calluna</em>, <em>Prunus</em>, <em>Tilia</em>, <em>Frangula alnus</em>, <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Cornus</em>, <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em>, <em>Salix</em>, and <em>Vaccinium</em>. Apart from forest vegetation, the species from meadows and wastelands adjacent to this forest complex, represented by <em>Taraxacum</em>, <em>Rumex</em>, <em>Plantago</em>, Poaceae, <em>Trifolium repens</em>, and <em>Solidago</em>, proved to be an important source of pollen. The study indicates that forest communities are a valuable source of pollen for pollinating insects from early spring through to late fall.</p>

scholarly journals Fused Vein Trait in Cucurbita pepo L. Associated with Subvitality of the Male Gametophyte

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Normal Pollen

Two experiments were conducted to test and delineate gametophytic subvitality of the fused vein trait in Cucurbita pepo. Gametophytic subvitality was verified by comparing pollen tube growth for fused vein and normal pollen in situ. Microscopic examination of partitioned, co-pollinated distillate flowers revealed inferior fused vein gametophyte performance. Normal pollen tubes grew faster and were significantly more abundant in the lower portion of the style. The consequences of gametophytic subvitality on seed yield and inheritance were shown by manipulating the severity of pollen competition. Fused vein, normal and F1 lines were pollinated with fused vein, normal, F and a 50:50 pollen mix at three different pollen loads. Fused vein pollen generated significantly fewer seed per fruit in all female genotypes. As a constituent in F, or mixed pollen, it produced significant seed yield reductions at the low pollen load. In F1 and testcross populations, a reduction in pollen load and therefore pollen competition significantly increased the number of fused vein individuals in segregating populations.

scholarly journals Transport of Cross-pollen by Bumblebees in a Rabbiteye Blueberry Planting

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127B-1127
Author(s):  
Patricio A. Brevis ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Pollen Diameter

Blueberries are bee-pollinated species that benefit from cross-pollination. Cross-pollination is particularly critical for optimum fruit set of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) because of their limited degree of self-fertility. In order to determine if the failure to set adequate commercial fruit loads is due to a lack of cross-pollination, research was needed to establish how much out-crossing rabbiteye blueberry pollinators actually do. A novel method was developed to identify pollen grains on the bodies of bumblebees by cultivar. The technique discriminates between two cultivars, based on differences in pollen diameter. Bumblebees were collected in a plot composed of blueberry plants of the cultivars Brightwell and Climax since these cultivars produce pollen of different size. Pollen loads of bumblebees contained low proportions of cross-pollen regardless of the cultivar they were visiting. Data suggest that inadequate levels of cross-pollination play a major role in low fruit set problems of rabbiteye blueberry. The composition of bees' pollen load changed with the phenology of the crop. The greatest likelihood for cross-pollination occurred around the time of maximum bloom overlap. Bumblebees foraging on `Brightwell' flowers carried more total blueberry pollen and a higher proportion of self-pollen than those visiting `Climax'. This may be due to differences in pollen release between flowers of these two cultivars.

Small dasyurid marsupials - are they effective pollinators?

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Line Tracking ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Effective Pollinator

The evidence that several species of dasyurid marsupial commonly visit flowers and therefore act as pollinators is reviewed. Three species of Antechinus have frequently been trapped visiting flowering banksias. Several studies provide compelling evidence that Antechinus stuartii is an effective pollinator. It was recorded visiting flowering banksias at eight locations, where it carried abundant pollen on its snout and in its faeces. At one site, regular flower visitation was demonstrated by automated photography and by spool-and-line tracking. Pollen load data for Sminthopsis murina and Sminthopsis griseoventer suggest that these species may also act as pollinators. Evidence for pollination by Phascogale tapoatafa is anecdotal but studies at three locations report extended bouts of nectar feeding, and heavy pollen loads were directly observed at one site. Some 38 plant species are known to be visited by 10 dasyurid species, with 4–10 plant species being visited by each of five dasyurid species. These observations suggest that several species of dasyurid are likely to be important pollinators. Further studies are needed to clarify the extent of their role. This review highlights the types of data that should be sought.

scholarly journals Application of HPLC-DAD Technique for Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Bee Pollen Loads

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Waś ◽  
Teresa Szczęsna ◽  
Helena Rybak-Chmielewska ◽  
Dariusz Teper ◽  
Katarzyna Jaśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Salicylic Acids

Abstract A method was elaborated to determine phenolic compounds (vanillin, caffeic, p-coumaric and salicylic acids, and flavonoids: rutin, hesperetin, quercetin, pinocembrin, apigenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, chrysin, and acacetin) in bee pollen loads using highperformance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Phenolic compounds from bee pollen were isolated on Cleanert C18-SPE columns (500 mg/6 mL, Agela Technologies). Polyphenols were identified by comparing the retention times and spectra of compounds found in pollen load samples with the ones of the standard mixture. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the external standard method. In addition, basic validation parameters for the method were determined. For the identified compounds (except for the salicylic acid), satisfactory (≥0.997) linear correlations were obtained. The elaborated method showed high repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility. Variability coeffcients of the majority of phenolic compounds did not exceed 10% in conditions of repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility, and for the total polyphenolic content they were 1.7 and 5.1%, respectively. The pollen load samples (n = 15) differed in qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic compounds. In all the samples, we identified the p-coumaric and salicylic acids and flavonoids rutin, hesperetin, and apigenin nevertheless, these compounds’ contents significantly differed among individual samples. The total phenolic content in the tested samples of pollen loads ranged from 0.653 to 5.966 mg/100 g (on average 2.737 mg/100 g).

Pollination Biology: Implications for Restoring Rare Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayri Havens
Keyword(s):  
Rare Plants ◽  
Pollination Biology

Pollen Load, Seed Position, and Agronomic Performance in Alfalfa

Crop Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Smith ◽  
D. M. Conta ◽  
U. Bechert
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Seed Position

Effects of Pollen-Load Size and Number of Donors on Sporophyte Fitness in Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison A. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Load ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Load Size

scholarly journals Pollen loads of eucalypt and other pollen types in birds in NW Spain

Data in Brief ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 348-350
Author(s):  
María Calviño-Cancela ◽  
Max Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Nw Spain ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Types

scholarly journals Pollinator assemblage and pollen load differences on sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of the desert‐dominant Larrea tridentata

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Laport ◽  
Robert L. Minckley ◽  
Diana Pilson
Keyword(s):  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollinator Assemblage ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes
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