Peripheral Neuromodulation: An Update

Ból ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Goroszeniuk ◽  
Andrzej Król

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is rapidly expanding area of neuromodulation with multiple new indications for chronic pain treatment and function improvement. Since the first percutaneous lead insertion in 1999, the proliferation of nonsurgical techniques with increasingly diverse stimulating targets has resulted that PNS is now a firmly established part of neuromodulation where the majority of new exciting developments are taking place. Non Invasive Peripheral External Stimulation plays an important part in the progress. It can offer a frequently less expensive alternative to the implantable techniques and it can be used outside specialised centers. Technological advances are allowing safer and more efficient uses of PNS with improved outcomes.

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Vimala N. Bharadwaj ◽  
Alexander Z. Tzabazis ◽  
Michael Klukinov ◽  
Neil A. Manering ◽  
David C. Yeomans

Pain, particularly chronic pain, remains one of the most debilitating and difficult-to-treat conditions in medicine. Chronic pain is difficult to treat, in part because it is associated with plastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Polypeptides are linear organic polymers that are highly selective molecules for neurotransmitter and other nervous system receptors sites, including those associated with pain and analgesia, and so have tremendous potential in pain therapeutics. However, delivery of polypeptides to the nervous system is largely limited due to rapid degradation within the peripheral circulation as well as the blood–brain barrier. One strategy that has been shown to be successful in nervous system deposition of polypeptides is intranasal (IN) delivery. In this narrative review, we discuss the delivery of polypeptides to the peripheral and central nervous systems following IN administration. We briefly discuss the mechanism of delivery via the nasal–cerebral pathway. We review recent studies that demonstrate that polypeptides such as oxytocin, delivered IN, not only reach key pain-modulating regions in the nervous system but, in doing so, evoke significant analgesic effects. IN administration of polypeptides has tremendous potential to provide a non-invasive, rapid and effective method of delivery to the nervous system for chronic pain treatment and management.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinda Breda ◽  
Richard Gevirtz ◽  
Melanie A. Greenberg ◽  
James L. Spira

Pain Practice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alexander Harnik ◽  
Larissa Blättler ◽  
Andreas Limacher ◽  
Florian Reisig ◽  
Martin Grosse Holtforth ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. S. Oberleitner ◽  
Mark A. Lumley ◽  
Emily R. Grekin ◽  
Kathryn M. Z. Smith ◽  
Amy M. Loree ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
A Bicego ◽  
J Monseur ◽  
F Rousseaux ◽  
M Faymonville ◽  
N Malaise ◽  
...  

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