scholarly journals A structural decomposition analysis for traffic demand assessment on a freight transport corridor

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Andrea Pompigna ◽  
Raffaele Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Freight Traffic

This paper deals with a Structural Decomposition (SDA) applied to the analysis of the freight traffic demand in an Input Output (IO) modelling context. After reviewing the basic definitions of IO models and some methodological refer-ences for their application in the freight transport field, the paper proposes the application of the SDA in the perspec-tive of a freight corridor. This application takes place downstream of an IO model that directly relates the quantities of goods transported along the corridor with the functioning of the reference economic system. Considering the evolution of tons annually transported in a certain time interval, the SDA model allows to isolate the specific effects related to: intensity of freight traffic typical of the corridor; technological structure of the production sectors; characteristics of the final demand in relation to its overall level, sectoral structure and allocation between components. The SDA model is applied to a case study considering the total volumes of goods annually in transit at the Brenner pass between 2000 and 2014. The evaluation of the polar forms of the multiplicative decomposition and their geometric mean allow to quantify the effects of each factor on the variation of the tonnage in terms of indexed value, absolute variation and percentage contribution compared to the base year (2000). The relative influences on freight traffic at the Brenner pass are therefore highlighted, both in terms of total volumes transited and impacts attributable to each of the decomposi-tion factors introduced, with particular evidence also in the event of periods of economic and financial crisis. The SDA specified in the paper and the related case study provide useful elements for studying the traffic demand of goods through a freight corridor, helping in outlining the effects of the different driving forces related to the economic system and affecting freight transport demand trends.

Freight Planning Typology

1998 ◽  
Vol 1613 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Souleyrette ◽  
T. H. Maze ◽  
Tim Strauss ◽  
David Preissig ◽  
Ayman G. Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Freight Transportation Demand

A layered architecture for freight transportation demand modeling entails the construction of a statewide freight transportation demand model by separately simulating traffic for one commodity at a time. Layers can then be added together to construct a comprehensive model that includes the most significant freight flows. Most state or regional economies are dominated by a few economic sectors, and models can be constructed for those sectors that generate the most freight traffic and/or are the most important to the regional economy. Freight traffic demand modeling in intercity applications is more likely to focus on economic development, local infrastructure improvements, maintenance, and similar policy and planning concerns than on system capacity issues. Thus, it is more important to understand changes in traffic growth by economic sector than as the composite of all freight traffic. This method is less data intensive and more easily understood by transportation professionals than previous approaches. The layered approach is therefore more likely to achieve the desired objectives than would general models, which attempt to forecast heterogeneous freight transportation demands simultaneously. This approach is demonstrated through a case study using the meat products and farm machinery industries in Iowa. Other commodities will be added in the future to complete a model of Iowa’s statewide freight transportation demand. A framework is presented for organizing and identifying planning goals, key issues, and predominant commodities for intercity freight transportation. Although examples are provided, specific recommendations addressing the full range of issues, data collection activities, tools, and urban applications are suggested for further study. A case study demonstrates the approach used for one issue, one mode, and two commodities, which could be repeated elsewhere for similar applications.

scholarly journals Input/Output models for freight transport demand: a macro approach to traffic analysis for a freight corridor

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Andrea Pompigna ◽  
Raffaele Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Proposed Model

Input Output model are of great interest in the transport sector, especially regarding freight transport demand. These models allow to analyze the cross effects of: political, macroeconomic and transport changes; industrial dynamics; exchange flows between different sites within a reference area, more or less divided into sub-areas. Although very interesting and desirable to be used and disseminated, their use is often hindered by the complexity of the modelling structures that need to describe the interactions with the transport systems and by the difficulty of finding complete and reliable data. In this context, this paper deals with a macro-level Input Output approach for freight demand analysis, which directly relates the quantities of goods transported along a multimodal corridor to the functioning of the economic system. The proposed model is structured on two levels: the first level allows the sectoral production forecasts of the entire economic system based on the exogenous final demand; the second allows the forecast of tons transported, annually and by sector, along the corridor based on the sectoral production estimated at the first level. The two modelling levels are applied to the analysis and forecast of freight traffic demand along the Italian-Austrian cross-border stretch of the Brenner corridor, a fundamental axis of the European transport infrastructure network. The model has been verified and validated on data covering 15 years between 2000 and 2014 using the reclassified time series of Input Output tables and the international trade data for Italy. The model has been used to produce medium-long term forecasts for different economic scenarios. The macro-level point of view and the application for the corridor provide a simple and directly applicable model compared to the complex articulations that characterize the Input Output applications to the transport systems, which can hinder their concrete use as decision support in the planning of transport infrastructures.

scholarly journals Sectoral water footprint dynamics: An input-output structural decomposition analysis for Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Abdelhak Achraf ◽  
Said Boudhar ◽  
Houda Lechheb ◽  
Hicham Ouakil
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition

Over the last decades, Morocco has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity. To quantify water use in Morocco, we refer to the water footprint (WF) concept, including both direct and indirect water use. WF considered covers internal WF and exported virtual water (VW). We used the input-output structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to quantitatively analyze the drivers of changes in Morocco’s sectoral WF from 1995 to 2015. The considered mechanisms governing WF changes are the technological, economic system efficiency, and structural effects. The WF growth experienced in Morocco primarily resulted from final demand changes. The technological effect acted as an additional increase factor. Nevertheless, the economic system efficiency effect contributed to the water conservation process. Unfortunately, it was not sufficient to reverse the expansion of Morocco’s WF resulted from other driving factors. Agriculture is the dominant economic sector in WF changes, regardless of any driving factor and any period considered. The study provides insight into Morocco’s water policy limits and helps develop policies towards sustainable water resources planning and management. That is by suggesting that final demand structure adjustment and technological innovation in the agricultural sector should be at the center of Morocco’s strategies in addressing water scarcity.

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