The "freight frame" model as a method of freight transport traffic urban organization

The paper justifies the use of the "freight frame" as a method of organizing the movement of freight vehicle in large metropolitan areas on the example of Samara city district. The study presents the characteristics of the "freight frame" of major European cities, Kazan and Moscow. A comparative analysis of approaches to the organization of the movement of freight vehicle on the basis of the "freight frame" of Russian cities and cities of foreign countries is carried out. Based on the use of the Yandex.Traffic service, an analysis of the congestion of the main transport highways of the city was carried out, a map of the transport accessibility of the city of Samara was compiled with the calculation of the transport accessibility indices of its districts. To analyze the load of freight transport in the Samara region and the city of Samara, the intensity and composition of the traffic of freight transport on the major streets of the city were calculated using the NETVISION Traffic software and hardware complex, differentiated by months and day time. The result of the analysis allowed to identify the most significant problems of traffic management. On the basis of the used methods of freight traffic analysis, the necessity of implementing the "freight frame" model in the city of Samara was justified. A set of sequential measures is proposed to ensure the step-by-step formation of the freight frame model.

IMPACTS OF INCREASING FREIGHT RAILWAY TARIFFS ON STATE ECONOMY

Based on global experience, the article proves the necessity of improving the analysis of regulatory impact of legislative acts, which is the main instrument of state regulation quality assurance. Recent years display the trend of temporal inland traffic freight railway tariffs increase. The last increase was approved by the corresponding Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine dd. August 11, 2021 qualified as a regulatory act, which is subject to compulsory regulatory impact analysis according to the Methodology approved at the national level. The national methodology does not provide for assessment of impacts on state economy. In view of this, the assessment was completed for the possible impact of regulatory act work on the state economy according to the methodological approach developed by the State Organization “Institute of the Economy and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, which main point is a more comprehensive and sophisticated quantitative assessment of the direct regulatory impact on the field of economic interest of both citizens, economic entities, state, and the society in general (national economy). The impact assessment of the freight railway tariffs’ increase on national economy followed two perspectives: the possible impact on GDP and the competition within the traffic infrastructure of Ukraine. The contribution of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” into GDP of Ukraine is computed based on freight railway tariffs increase. The article proves that the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine will have the effects on intermodal competition within the transport system of Ukraine through the redistribution of the freight traffic as, on the one hand, certain off-grade freights will be handled by the river and motor transport and, on the other hand, specific 3rd rate class freights will be handled by the rail transport. Such redistribution will have positive effects for the competitive position of rail transport on the inner freight traffic market because the loss of some off-grade freights, which transport is unprofitable, will not have a negative impact on rail facilities.

Formation of information support for the development of freight transportation of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsya”

A methodical approach to the formation of indicators of the information base of management decisions on the development of freight JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”, which consists in calculating the taxonomy of the level of development of freight by substantiating systems and its elements: eighteen static systems, elements of which are six regional railways; seven dynamic systems – regional branches and in general JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”. A spatial and temporal comparison of the development of freight transportation of selected systems is carried out. The taxonomy index is calculated on the basis of five indicators of freight traffic for the period 2002-2019. The analysis of static systems made it possible to identify the uneven development of freight transportation of regional branches of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” for the studied 18 years. The temporal comparison of the levels of development of freight traffic by each railway in particular also showed their instability. Fluctuations are observed in the last three years of the study period. In 2018, JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” demonstrated the lowest level of freight transportation development for the entire analyzed year 2002-2019. It was established that both external and internal factors caused the negative impact on rail transportation, in particular: the economic crisis of 2014-2015; military action in eastern Ukraine; ineffective management at different levels of government. The introduction of quarantine measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused unprofitable and deteriorating financial and economic performance of JSC Ukrzaliznytsia, and its six regional branches in 2020, in particular, revenues from freight transportation decreased by 10.3% compared to 2019, and net loss amounted to UAH 11.9 billion. Implementing the anti-crisis plan by the management of JSC Ukrzaliznytsia and the improvement of operational work in the freight segment has yielded some positive results. However, for the effective planning and management decisions in the field of freight transportation an important component is the proper formation of an information base. The proposed methodological approach will serve as an effective tool not only in the management of the freight segment of individual regional branches or enterprises in particular, but also the economic development of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” in general and can be used by other large companies.

Formation of performance indicators of railway transport for calculating labor productivity

Labor productivity in railway transport is determined using the “reduced performance” indicator, which is formed using a reduction factor designed to take into account the difference in unit costs of the payroll fund when performing a unit of work performance: ton-kilometers in freight traffic and passenger-kilometers in passenger traffic. The article reflects the results of a study to determine the value of the passenger turnover reduction factor in the formation of the total transportation performance of Russian Railways in modern conditions. The relevance of the revision of the current reduction factor is due to a change in the organizational structure as a result of the reform of railway transport, an increase in costs per unit of production by improving the quality of passenger traffic, strengthening security measures at stations and platforms, development of electronic passenger information systems, a significant increase in the volume of high-cost types of high-speed and high-speed passenger transportation.A comparative analysis of the costs of the payroll fund in passenger and freight traffic in the context of tariff components is carried out. The comparison was carried out both in general and differentially for each type of activity carried out by the company in the passenger complex, namely: the provision of services for long-distance and suburban passenger transportation, long-distance passenger transportation and suburban traffic, carried out in high-speed rolling stock. The most costly items in each facility were identified, which characterize the labor intensity by type of activity of Russian Railways. For calculating the labor productivity of the company's employees, proposals have been developed for the formation of the reduced freight turnover using a single coefficient for passenger turnover, equal to 3.7.

Evaluation of the compatibility of the power traction supply system with a use of a “virtual coupling” technology

This article will propose the practical use of the interval control technology that will reduce the interval of passing trains and will increase the capacity of railway lines. Controlled approbation of the technology was carried out on railway sections for freight traffic: Shkotovo - Nakhodka, Novonezhino - Krasnoarmeysky of the Far Eastern railway and Koshurnikovo-Shchetinkino of the Krasnoyarsk railway in terms of “push locomotives” transferring to the opposite direction using the “virtual coupling” system; Mogocha - Urusha of the Trans-Baikal railway in terms of traffic organizing using the “virtual coupling” system for empty trains during long “Windows” on infrastructure; Slyudyanka - Bolshoy Lug of the East Siberian railway in terms of testing interval control technology to ensure the return of odd freight trains “push locomotives” using the “virtual coupling” system. The practical experience of the system use considered in the article allowed us to identify the main directions for its further development: protected radio channel stability improvement in obstacles of the rough terrain and the presence of tunnels; auto-driving algorithms operation.

Spatial development of Russia and international transport corridors

The article analyses the current system of transportation, which is mainly focused on raw material exports. The structure of Russian railways transportation and the volume of raw material supplies to China have been discussed. It is noted that the coming decades will bring a reduction in hydrocarbon power generation and a transition to a green economy, which will inevitably reduce global demand for Russian hydrocarbons. Plans for the development of Russian transport systems and their place in international transport corridors, risks and limitations of major transport flows through the Suez Canal and the Northern Sea Route have been presented. We propose to consider opportunities to optimise freight traffic and reduce the cost of new transport construction, primarily by reducing empty runs and reducing international transport competition.

Air Freight Transport Developments in Bulgaria – Trends and Perspectives

Air transport is developing at a rapid pace globally and is of particular importance for the mobility of people and goods. Through its flexibility, it responds to the ever-changing situation in commodity markets and provides the necessary conditions for transport services’ supply and demand in shortening the delivery times. The main subject of analysis in the presented article is the development of air freight transport over the last 12 years. The main results of the analysis of the volumes and changes of freight traffic to and from Bulgarian airports, as well as carried by the main carriers, give the grounds for SWOT analysis and is used to outline the main prospects for the future of air freight transport. The main objective of the survey presented is to outline trends for the development of air freight transport in the country and in particular to clarify the various factors influencing the demand for freight transport by identifying a system of indicators measuring the freight volumes and the loading work carried out, which can be analyzed regularly, and which allows the forecasting of changes in freight volumes during certain periods of time.

The Assessment of Energy Efficiency versus Planning of Rail Freight Traffic: A Case Study on the Example of Poland

The issues addressed by the article concern the assessment of energy efficiency in rail transport, resulting from the proper organization of rail traffic. The problems related to energy consumption and, thus, the negative impact of rail transport on the natural environment are highly significant in terms of the green deal concept, climate change and sustainable development. In this article, energy efficiency is investigated in the context of minimizing the energy consumption necessary to satisfy a specific transport requirement. The essence of this article is to present an approach to energy-efficient planning of rail freight traffic. This article aims to develop a method covers the allocation of railway vehicles dedicated to freight traffic (locomotives and railcars) to perform a defined transport task, taking into account the energy efficiency assessment of the solution, routing the train launched with regard to the accomplishment of the defined transport task on the railway network, and determining the conditions of transport for a defined transport task, taking into account the allocated rolling stock (locomotives and railcars) and the route. In this article, based on the presented state of knowledge, a decision-making model has been proposed, including the model’s parameters, the values being searched for, indicators for assessing the quality of the solution, as well as the limitations and boundary conditions of the problem. The function of minimizing the energy consumption necessary to transport a shipment within the railway network (determining the energy efficiency of the proposed solution) has been proposed as the criterion. In addition, a description of the proprietary method of selecting rolling stock for accomplishing tasks, based on the assessment of the energy efficiency of the solution and a case study illustrating the operation of the method on the example of the area of Poland, has been presented.

ESTIMATION OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN STATIONS OF OVERTAKING TRAINS WHEN ORGANIZING A MIXED HIGH-SPEED, PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON A RAILWAY LINE

Purpose. This paper presents the calculation method and result of reasonable station spacing in the organization of mixed high-speed passenger and freight transportation, at different speed combinations and different types of train schedules. Methodology. By using the principle of the shortest distance between stations, this paper analyzes the possible layout of passenger and freight trains running at different speeds between Brest and Moscow, and work out the optimal distance between overtaking stations. According to the shortest distance between stations, the blocking method with four-digit automatic should be used when the maximum speed of the passenger train is 250 km/h. The crossing scheme for different types of trains is determined, and the train schedule period (TDS) of each scheme is determined. Calculate the appropriate distance between stations that had been passed through with different trip intervals according to the characteristics of the passing passenger and freight trains. By adopting simulation analysis, the influence of different number of trains and their composition on the station spacing is simulated to work out the reasonable railway station spacing for passenger and freight train with a speed of 250 km / h. Findings. In the case of passenger and freight traffic with the speed of 250 km / h, the optimal distance for stations between Brest and Moscow should be around 35 km. In order to make effective use of the existing infrastructure and achieve maximum transit capacity of the railway, it is recommended to increase the speed of the low priority trains. Originality. The distance between stations on a line will affect the number of stations on the entire line, as well as the maximum train speed and the number of train pairs. Excessive or insufficient station spacing will affect the transportation capacity and efficiency. Therefore, reasonable station spacing will determine the number of trains and the maximum speed of each train for both passenger and freight. Practical value. This paper proposes a method to estimate the reasonable spacing between crossing stations, which can ensure the effective utilization of the capacity of railway sections when high speed passenger trains on existing lines are running at speeds of up to 250 km/h.

Economic and legal approaches to balancing the development of the transport and logistics system

The globalization of market relations has given impetus to the rapid development of the transport and logistics system, which has led to its imbalance. Therefore, there is a need to develop economic and legal approaches that will balance the development of this system. The purpose of the academic paper is as follows: to reveal the factors creating an imbalance in the development of the transport and logistics system and establish economic and legal aspects that balance the transport and logistics system. To achieve the goal outlined, the following methods have been used, namely: statistical analysis, element-theoretical, correlation, factor analysis, generalization and analogy. It has been established that the factors directly affecting the development of the transport and logistics system are the level of development of transport infrastructure and customs conditions. A causal relationship between investment in transport infrastructure and income from freight traffic by various types of transport in individual EU countries has been proven. It has been established that the creation of simplified conditions of customs clearance and its electronicization contributed to balancing the development of the transport and logistics system. The legal and economic approaches in balancing the transport and logistics system of individual EU countries have been highlighted, which consist in the development of general and special strategies and their financing. Along with this, they involve the adoption of legislation, providing for the development of infrastructure, the introduction of innovative technologies, and the improvement of the internal logistics network. Such network includes an information base on the cargo service provider, recipient, ease and accuracy of cargo tracking, a simplified customs clearance system, including through electronic filing of declarations, as well as attracting investments in the implementation of the legal regulations outlined.