scholarly journals Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Test ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Real Traffic

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional relationships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust compo-nents). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals The influence of the driving style according to the principles of eco-driving on the emission of toxic substances from a light utility vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Maciej Andrzejewski ◽  
Mateusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Utility Vehicle ◽  
Real Traffic

The article presents the results of measurements of exhaust emissions of commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine how the driving style affects on the exhaust emissions from vehicle engine. The determinants were the measurements of the concentration of main toxic substances emitted to the atmosphere from the power unit of the tested vehicle. In the measurements a portable exhaust emission analyzer was used (PEMS type).

scholarly journals Exhaust emissions from vehicles in real traffic conditions in the Poznan agglomeration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Merkisz ◽  
J. Pielecha ◽  
P. Lijewski ◽  
A. Merkisz-Guranowska ◽  
M. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals FACTORS OF THE RISK REDUCTION OF COLLISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES MACHINES AND INJURY OF DRIVERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Татьяна Белова ◽  
Tat'yana Belova ◽  
Владимир Растягаев ◽  
Bladimir Rastyagaev ◽  
Сергей Сухов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Real Traffic ◽  
Made In

Increasing the safety of drivers of motor vehicles (MV) used in rural and forestry is an urgent task due to the high level of injuries. Analysis of injury statistics of drivers of motor vehicles and conducted studies has revealed that these ma-chines are sources of increased danger in the performance of transport operations. For the functioning of a device that re-duces traumatism and increases the safety of MV drivers in carrying out transportation of agricultural products and removal of timber, it is necessary to know the magnitude of MV braking distance in real traffic conditions, which is determined theoretically. The imperfection of the methods for determining the real stopping distance of modern VMs used in forestry and agriculture is due to the fact that they do not take into account a number of operational and constructive factors. When determining the length of the braking distance according to the existing analytical dependencies, the error can be from 25% to 35%. Reducing the risk of collision of VM during transportation of agricultural products and performing logging operations is proposed to be provided by improving the method of determining the braking distance, taking into account the actual operating conditions. The results and conclusions made in this article can be useful for improving safety of agricultural and forestry vehicles on the roads

scholarly journals Fuel economy and exhaust emissions of a diesel vehicle under real traffic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781-1792
Author(s):  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Kaushali Dave ◽  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Dongyao Jia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Diesel Vehicle ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals Road Traffic Monitoring System Based on Mobile Devices and Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lewandowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Płaczek ◽  
Marcin Bernas ◽  
Piotr Szymała
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Real Traffic

The paper proposes a method, which utilizes mobile devices (smartphones) and Bluetooth beacons, to detect passing vehicles and recognize their classes. The traffic monitoring tasks are performed by analyzing strength of radio signal received by mobile devices from beacons that are placed on opposite sides of a road. This approach is suitable for crowd sourcing applications aimed at reducing travel time, congestion, and emissions. Advantages of the introduced method were demonstrated during experimental evaluation in real-traffic conditions. Results of the experimental evaluation confirm that the proposed solution is effective in detecting three classes of vehicles (personal cars, semitrucks, and trucks). Extensive experiments were conducted to test different classification approaches and data aggregation methods. In comparison with state-of-the-art RSSI-based vehicle detection methods, higher accuracy was achieved by introducing a dedicated ensemble of random forest classifiers with majority voting.

scholarly journals Assessment of impact of vehicle traffic conditions: urban, rural and highway, on the results of pollutant emissions inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning ◽  
The Impact

The use of motor vehicles varies considerably under distinct traffic conditions: in cities, outside cities as well as on motorways and expressways. The impact of road traffic on the natural environment has been studied for many years, including in terms of the nature of the operation of motor vehicles. This problem is particularly important in highly urbanized areas, where traffic congestion is the source of increased emissions of harmful compounds contained in exhaust gases. For this reason, many cities have traffic restrictions, especially for those cars that do not meet the most stringent emission standards. Environmental protection is the driving force behind the development of modern combustion engine supply systems, which allow for proper control of the combustion of petroleum-derived fuels. The exhaust gas cleaning systems in the form of catalytic converters or particulate matter filters are also playing a very important role. Considerable differences in internal combustion engine operating states, both static and dynamic, result in important differences in pollutant emissions. Likewise, the national annual pollutant emission is affected by the share of distances travelled by vehicles under various traffic conditions. At the same time, it is very difficult to estimate exhaust emissions from road transport sources. Very interesting method of emission estimation is the application of the data included in the emission inventory which are a valuable source of information on exhaust emissions under various operating conditions. In the present study, the annual pollutant emissions were analyzed: at a national level (total pollutant emission) and in distinct traffic conditions. There were found large differences between individual pollutants’ shares in the emissions from vehicles under the tested traffic conditions. This is particularly evident for nitrogen oxides with the highest emission share outside cities, as opposed to other substances with the highest emission shares in cities, where traffic congestion is taking place.

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