scholarly journals WIELKOPOLSKA (GREATER POLAND) MILITARY MUSEUM: HISTORY OF AN UNUSUAL MUSEUM

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
Jarosław Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Air Force ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Society Of Friends ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Major General ◽  
Modern Building

The beginning of historical-military museology in Poznan dates back to the mid-19th century when the Poznan Society of Friends of Learning assumed the responsibility to save historic monuments, and began to establish the Museum of Polish and Slavic Antiquities in the Grand Duchy of Posen (Poznan). The task was to collect archival, library, and museum materials, including militaria. As a result of these efforts, in 1882, the Mielżynski Museum was established which boasted an exquisite painting gallery, containing historical painting, a rich archaeological and military collection, and a sizeable collection of so-called historical mementoes: weapons, orders, decorations, etc. In the aftermath of the Greater Poland Uprising 1918 –1919, the Hindenburg Museum founded in 1916–1918 was transformed into a Military Museum. The ceremonial opening was held on 27 October 1919 by Józef Piłsudski, Poland’s Chief of State. The quickly growing collection was moved from Marcinkowskiego Avenue to the barracks in Bukowska Street, and subsequently to a new seat at 1 Artyleryjska Street in Poznan. The solemn opening of the Wielkopolska Military Museum was held on 22 April 1923 by the Commander of the 7th Corps District Major-General Kazimierz Raszewski. In 1939, anticipating the threat of war, the most precious objects were evacuated eastwards, and looted there. The items which stayed behind ended up in German museums. The mementoes connected with the history of the Polish military were destroyed, and the Museum was wound up. The first attempts at reactivating the Museum following WW II failed. It was only with the 1956 revolt that civil and military authorities changed their approach, The National Museum in Poznan undertook the first efforts. The Museum did not go back to its pre-WW II seat, but found home in a modern building in the Old Market Square in Poznan, to be ceremoniously launched on 22 February 1963 by the Commander of the Operational Air Force in Poznan Brigadier General Pilot Jan Raczkowski. Having recreated its collection, the Wielkopolska Military Museum, already as a Branch of the National Museum in Poznan, has held many exhibitions and shows. Moreover, it has released many publications, and run a broad range of educational activities. Among other projects, it has also made reference to the pre-WW II Museum. On 27 December 2019, a new jubilee exhibition ‘Wielkopolska Military Museum 1919–2019’ recording the 100-years’ history of the oldest historical-military museum in Poland was inaugurated.

Auditing Practices from a Historical Perspective: The Case Study of an Italian Railroad Company in the Mid-19th Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Antonelli ◽  
Raffaele D'Alessio ◽  
Emanuela Mattia Cafaro
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Railroad Company ◽  
Grand Duchy

ABSTRACT From a historic perspective, the origin and evolution of auditing in the private sector is extremely interesting, especially in regard to 19th-century railroad companies. This paper concerns the auditing practices of the Leopolda Railroad Company, which operated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy (1841–1860). Through the use of mainly primary sources, we describe how auditors were selected and hired; their procedures, recommendations, and meetings; and the contents of their reports. This paper makes three contributions to the international literature in accounting history: (1) it is the first paper to present the history of auditing practices in Italy, (2) it broadens literature on external and internal audits in railroad companies, and (3) it supports the assumptions made by many accounting historians about the origin of auditing in industrial capitalism.

scholarly journals Textiles and environment in the showcase containing Saint Canute the Holy († AD 1086): Radiocarbon dating and chemical interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Grinder-Hansen ◽  
Ulla Kjær ◽  
Morten Ryhl-Svendsen ◽  
Maria Perla Colombini ◽  
Ilaria Degano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
National Museum ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The cathedral in Odense, Denmark, has for nine centuries held the relics of the Danish King St Canute the Holy and his brother Benedikt. They were both murdered in the predecessor church at the site in AD 1086, and Canute was sanctified in already in AD 1100. The history of the relics has been that of turmoil at times, varying from initial worship of the Catholic believers, to being walled up and hidden away after the protestant reformation in AD 1536, and since the 19th Century on display as important heritage objects of national importance. In the present work we have characterised some of the textiles and analysed the air inside the glass showcases exhibiting the 11th Century wooden coffins holding the remains of St King Canute the Holy and his brother together with some precious textiles. Contrary to previous belief, we now prove that all the textiles analysed have the same age, which is consistent with the time of the enshrinement of the King and his brother in AD 1100. It is also shown that some of the textiles were treated with paraffin wax, most likely during attempts at conservation at the National Museum in the nineteenth century. The results of the air chemistry analyses show the problematic side of simultaneously storing of slowly decaying wood, fine textiles, and human bones in rather airtight environments. The wood continuously releases organic acids, the soaring concentrations of which are potentially harmful to the 11th Century textiles and probably also to the bones.

scholarly journals O posmrtné historii mozku historika a politika Františka Palackého

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-44
Author(s):  
Petr Benda ◽  
Eliška Fulínová ◽  
Vítězslav Kuželka ◽  
Milena Běličová
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liquid Preparation ◽  
Czech Society ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Brain

František Palacký (1798–1876), a historian and politician, was one of the most eminent personalities of the Czech society of the 19th century. He died on 26 May 1876 in Prague and on 30 May 1876, in the evening before the burial, the Palacký’s head was dissected and his brain was extracted and preserved as a liquid preparation. Then, it was deposited in the Museum of the Kingdom of Bohemia (present National Museum) in Prague; currently it is stored in a jar concealed in a wall niche of a column (next to a large statue of Palacký) in the Pantheon hall of the historical building of the National Museum on the Wenceslaus square in Prague. The investigation of the Museum archive brought some documents which elucidate certain parts of the history of the Palacký’s brain preparation, although its whereabouts during other periods still remain hidden. For several years after its extraction, the Palacký’s brain was deposited in the Museum library, and between the years 1878–1899 (most probably in 1892 at the latest), it was handed over to the Department of Zoology of the Museum, where it remained until 1931. Next fate of the brain is uncertain until 1958, when it was installed in the wall niche in the Pantheon hall, where it remains till now (with an interruption in the last five years), but again under the responsibility of the Department of Zoology and Department of Anthropology, respectively.

scholarly journals The Slavic Qur’an Translation of the 16th–18th Centuries: Poland and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-82
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Ethnocultural Group ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Modern Russian

This paper aims to continue and develop the research cycle on history of Qur’an translations in Europe. The paper deals with rethinking of possible background of Russian Qur’an translations, commonly traced back up to the first half of the 19th century. Ca. 1800 the tradition of Qur’an translating in Russia was already rich and varied in its scientific, literary and religious contexts. However, its origin could be found in the earlier similar tradition of Lithuanian Tatars, which was developed at least from the 16th century in intellectual space of the three states, namely Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita and Tsardom of Russia. This Muslim ethnocultural group shaped their own Qur’an translation school in the West Russian (Ruthenian, Old Belorusian) language closely related to modern Russian.

Typology of the Currents of Cultural Populism. Herald of Omsk University

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Gennady N. Mokshin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is devoted to the cultural populism of the last third of the 19th century, which united the supporters of the peaceful cultural and educational activities of the intelligentsia among the people; analyzes the difficulties associated with the problem of conceptualizing the history of this direction; the author’s approach to the classification of the leading trends of cultural populism is substantiated and the views of their leaders are characterized.

scholarly journals Vilnius Alma Mater – Cultural and Scientific Link of Polish-Lithuanian History

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Misiak
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The discussed monograph is an attempt to present Vilnius Alma Mater as a cultural and scientific link of Polish-Lithuanian history. The texts that make up the volume concern thematically Polish-Lithuanian relations from the 16th century to the present day, perceived in several aspects: historical and cultural, literary, linguistic and educational. The articles collected in the volume are arranged into specific five themes. These are: the heritage of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the works of 19th-century artists, The History of Stefan Batory University (1919–1939), The interpretation of the space of Vilnius and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the perspective of the 20th and 21st centuries, the study of phenomena belonging to the cultural and cultural borderland linguistic.

scholarly journals Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Yury A. Labyntsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Civil Laws ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article is devoted to the history of creation and publication of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1588. The Statute of 1588 was the main body of civil laws of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia and Samogitia: one of the largest state entities in Europe of its time. The Statute of 1588 was in force until the beginning of the 19th century and became the most famous title of the 5,000 books published in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in its history.

Historical Memory of Antique Vases: Aspect of Collecting in Lithuania in the 19th Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Žygintas Būčys
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Museum ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 19Th Century

The National Museum of Lithuania owns a small collection of Antique culture items. This article analyzes and identifies the history of three Antique vases from that collection: the ways in which they came to the museum, to whom they belonged, and what was the meaning of Antique in Lithuanian society in the first half of the 19th century. The reconstructed collection of count Adam Günther is compared with other collections of the Lithuanian aristocracy of that time. This article aims to reflect incentives, aspirations of that time collectors’, and their perception of the national country heritage as well as the common European heritage.

scholarly journals Gordinsky Stone of 1323: New Details

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Taisiya I. Ostanina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
National Museum ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study of the Gordinsky stone (grave slab) discovered by A. P. Smirnov in 1930 in Gordino village of Balezinsky District in Votyak Autonomous Oblast (presently the Udmurt Republic) is represented in the paper. The stone was regarded by scientists as the most northeastern Bolgar epigraphic monument (Ali Rahim, G. V. Yusupov, D. G. Mukhametshin, D. S. Khakimzyanov) and dated by researchers back to 1323. As a monument of archaeology, the stone was studied by local historians and archaeologists (N. G. Pervukhin, P. M. Sorokin, V. F. Gening, A. G. Ivanov, and others), and as a sacral monument of the population of Gordino village and the Tatars of the Cheptsa river basin, it was studied by ethnographers (E. V. Popova). The paper features the history of the slab’s appearance in the archaeological fund of the National Museum of the Udmurt Republic named after Kuzebay Gerd. In recent years, new material has appeared (Gordinsky II burial ground was discovered, and another fragment of the slab was found). The grave slab of the early 14th century was located on a mountain near the Gordinsky I (Guryakar) hillfort (9th – 13th centuries) where a cemetery was arranged by the first Besermyan settlers (17th – 18th centuries). The Tatars who arrived in the Besermyan village in the second half of the 19th century (possibly the Besermyans who adopted Islam) according to the Muslim tradition, proclaimed the location of the grave slab as the grave of a “saint”. The discovered fragment made it possible to clarify the text of the epitaph (add the “testimony of faith” text). A tamga mark of the slab’s manufacturer was found on the back of the fragment. The grave slab from Gordino village belongs to the Bolgar school of stone carving which has its territorial originality (the northeastern version of the gravestone steles). The paper features an attempt of its reconstruction.

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