scholarly journals The effects of ankle-foot orthoses with plantar flexion stop and plantar flexion resistance using rocker-sole shoes on stroke gait: A randomized-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-461
Author(s):  
Aliyeh Daryabor ◽  
Gholamreza Aminian ◽  
Mokhtar Arazpour ◽  
Mina Baniasad ◽  
Sumiko Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Single Support Phase

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of two ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs), AFO with plantar flexion stop (AFO-PlfS), and AFO with plantar flexion resistance (AFO-PlfR), while wearing standard shoes and rocker-sole shoes. Patients and methods: Between November 2017 and July 2018, in this randomized-controlled study, a total of 20 stroke patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age: 48.1 years; range, 33 to 65 years) in chronic phase were randomized to AFO groups (AFO-PlfS group, n=10 and AFO-PlfR group, n=10). Each group received the allocated AFO along with two kinds of shoes (standard shoe and rocker shoe) for a two-week adaptation. Two effects were separately evaluated: The orthotic effect and rocker shoe effect were defined as the evaluation of using an AFO wearing standard shoe compared to only standard shoe, and evaluation of using an AFO wearing rocker shoe compared to an AFO wearing standard shoe, respectively. The gait of each group was measured by three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: A significant orthotic effect was found in both AFO groups in spatiotemporal parameters and maximum ankle dorsiflexion in the single-support phase. Additionally, the AFO-PlfR group showed a significant improvement in the parameters related to the first rocker of gait, but not for AFO-PlfS group concerning the orthotic effect. The rocker shoe effect was found in significant reduction of peak ankle plantar flexor moment and power ankle generation during preswing for both AFO groups. Conclusion: According to the orthotic effect, an AFO-PlfR can create better function in the improvement of parameters related to the first rocker. Although a rocker shoe can facilitate rollover for weight progression in the third rocker of gait, it cannot make a strong push-off function in stroke survivors.

Comparison of ankle–foot orthoses with plantar flexion stop and plantar flexion resistance in the gait of stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiko Yamamoto ◽  
Souji Tanaka ◽  
Naoyuki Motojima
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background: The effect of plantar flexion resistance of ankle–foot orthoses on the ankle and knee joints is well known, but its effect on the hip joint and upper body movement during the gait of stroke patients remains unclear. Objectives: To compare the effect of an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion stop and an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance on the gait of stroke patients in the subacute phase. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 42 stroke patients (mean age = 59.9 ± 10.9 years, 36 men and 4 women) in the subacute phase were randomized to each ankle–foot orthosis group in a parallel controlled trial with no blinding. Patients received gait training from physiotherapists using the specified ankle–foot orthosis for 2 weeks. Shod gait without an ankle–foot orthosis before training and gait with an ankle–foot orthosis after training were measured by three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: A total of 20 patients were analyzed in each group. Significant differences were found in pelvic and thoracic tilt angles between the two groups. Compared with the gait without an ankle–foot orthosis, the pelvis showed forward tilt when patients walked with an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion stop, and the thorax showed decreased forward tilt when the patients walked with an ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance. Conclusion: The difference in ankle–foot orthosis function in sagittal plantar flexion resistance affected the alignment of the upper body and the pelvis during the gait of stroke patients in the subacute phase. Clinical relevance Maintaining upright posture is important in gait rehabilitation. The findings of this study suggest that the ankle–foot orthosis with plantar flexion resistance facilitated better alignment of the upper body and pelvis during the gait of stroke patients in subacute phase. This type of ankle–foot orthosis could be beneficial for patients with malalignment of the upper body and pelvis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Daily Use of Bilateral Custom-Made Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Balance, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Wang ◽  
Rahul Goel ◽  
Hadi Rahemi ◽  
Qianzi Zhang ◽  
Brian Lepow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

Background: Foot problems are prevalent in older adults, which may increase the risk and concern for falls. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) have been shown to be effective in the stabilization of lower extremities, but their long-term effectiveness in improving balance and their potential to encourage older adults to become more physically active are still debated. Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of daily use of a custom-made AFO on balance, fear of falling, and physical activity in older adults. Study Design: Forty-four older adults with concern about or at risk for falling were randomly allocated to either the control group (CG; 77.3% female, age 75.6 ± 6.5 years, BMI 29.3 ± 6.4) or the intervention group (IG; 63.6% female, age 73.7 ± 6.3 years, BMI = 27.8 ± 4.8). The IG received walking shoes and bilateral custom-made AFO. The CG received only walking shoes. At the baseline and 6-month follow-ups, balance and physical activity were assessed using validated wearable instrumentation and fear of falling was assessed using the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Adherence and acceptability toward wearing the AFO were assessed using self-reported questionnaires at the 6-month follow-up. Results: No significant between-group difference was observed at baseline (p = 0.144–0.882). Compared to baseline and the CG, hip, ankle, and center-of-mass (COM) sways were significantly reduced at the 6-month follow-up in the IG while standing with the feet together during the eyes-open condition (p = 0.005–0.040). Within the IG, the FES-I was reduced significantly (p = 0.036) and there was an increasing trend in the number of walking bouts with a medium effect size (d = 0.52, p = 0.440) compared to baseline. However, there were no significant changes in FES-I and physical activity measures in the CG (p = 0.122–0.894). The reduction in COM sway in the IG was moderately correlated with adherence (r = –0.484, p = 0.047) and strongly correlated with baseline COM sway (r = –0.903, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results suggest that bilateral custom-made AFO plus walking shoes is effective in improving balance compared to walking shoes alone, and it significantly reduces the fear of falling, with a nonsignificant but noticeable positive trend in physical activity, compared to baseline. The results also suggest that older adults with poor balance at baseline and higher daily adherence to using the AFO will gain more benefit from the AFO intervention.

Ankle-Foot Orthoses in the Rehabilitation After Stroke: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Corien D. M. Nikamp ◽  
Johan S. Rietman ◽  
Erik C. Prinsen ◽  
Hermie J. Hermens ◽  
Jaap H. Buurke
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

A randomized controlled trial on providing ankle-foot orthoses in patients with (sub-)acute stroke: Short-term kinematic and spatiotemporal effects and effects of timing

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corien D.M. Nikamp ◽  
Marte S.H. Hobbelink ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Hermie J. Hermens ◽  
Johan S. Rietman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

A Continuous Loading Apparatus for Measuring Three-dimensional Stiffness of Ankle-Foot Orthoses

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cappa ◽  
Fabrizio Patanè ◽  
Giuseppe Di Rosa
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Metrological Investigation ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Rotary Stage ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

This paper describes a novel device to evaluate the mechanical properties of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs). The apparatus permits the application to AFOs of continuous three-dimensional (3D) movements between specified and settable endpoints. Using an x-y robot with a rotary stage and a six-component load cell, characteristic displacement versus reaction force curves can be generated and consequently the ankle moments can be determined as a function of dorsi/plantar flexion, inv/eversion and int/external rotation. Representative curves for two polypropylene lateral leaf AFOs, different in shape but produced for the same leg by a skilled orthotist, are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the novel testing system. The metrological investigation showed that the apparatus creates a highly repeatable data set (uncertainty ⩽1% FSO).

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