scholarly journals Microarray analysis in nasal epithelial cells that are related with Japanese cedar pollinosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Imoto ◽  
Shigeharu Fujieda
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Japanese Cedar Pollinosis

scholarly journals Berberine and Obatoclax Inhibit SARS-Cov-2 Replication in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Finny S. Varghese ◽  
Esther van Woudenbergh ◽  
Gijs J. Overheul ◽  
Marc J. Eleveld ◽  
Lisa Kurver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a new human pathogen in late 2019 and it has infected over 100 million people in less than a year. There is a clear need for effective antiviral drugs to complement current preventive measures, including vaccines. In this study, we demonstrate that berberine and obatoclax, two broad-spectrum antiviral compounds, are effective against multiple isolates of SARS-CoV-2. Berberine, a plant-derived alkaloid, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations and obatoclax, which was originally developed as an anti-apoptotic protein antagonist, was effective at sub-micromolar concentrations. Time-of-addition studies indicated that berberine acts on the late stage of the viral life cycle. In agreement, berberine mildly affected viral RNA synthesis, but it strongly reduced infectious viral titers, leading to an increase in the particle-to-pfu ratio. In contrast, obatoclax acted at the early stage of the infection, which is in line with its activity to neutralize the acidic environment in endosomes. We assessed infection of primary human nasal epithelial cells that were cultured on an air-liquid interface and found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced and repressed expression of specific sets of cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, both obatoclax and berberine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in these primary target cells. We propose berberine and obatoclax as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that could be considered for further efficacy testing.

Regulation of the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Nasal Mucosa

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110277
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Takabayashi ◽  
Kanako Yoshida ◽  
Yoshimasa Imoto ◽  
Robert P. Schleimer ◽  
Shigeharu Fujieda
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Japanese Cedar Pollen ◽  
Cedar Pollen

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Higher expression of the virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the nasal mucosa may be associated with high transmissibility and asymptomatic infection. In COVID-19, the elucidation of the determinants of ACE2 expression at nasal tissue level is crucial. The development of strategies to downregulate ACE2 expression in nasal epithelial cells might reduce transmission and be useful as a novel therapeutic approach. Objective To verify ACE2 expression in the nasal mucosa of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis induced by Japanese cedar pollen (SAR-JCP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and to examine the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on ACE2 expression in airway epithelial cells. Methods We assessed ACE2 expression in the nasal mucosa of control subjects, patients with SAR-JCP, and those with CRSwNP using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also quantified ACE2 gene expression in cultured airway epithelial cells. Results Although ACE2 expression was greatly increased in a few patients with SAR-JCP during the Japanese cedar pollen season, mean levels were not significantly increased. ACE2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in nasal polyp tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared with the expression in that from control subjects. SCFAs generated by gastrointestinal microbiota significantly reduced resting ACE2 expression in cultured airway epithelial cells. SCFAs also significantly suppressed the dsRNA-dependent upregulation of ACE2 expression in airway epithelial cells. Conclusion Inflammatory endotype affects ACE2 expression in the nasal mucosa and influences susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In particular, type 2 inflammation could downregulate ACE2 expression in the nasal mucosa and reduces susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with CRSwNP. Although in vivo experiments are required, administration of SCFAs to the nasal cavity might be worthy of consideration as a preventative or therapeutic strategy for the early-stage COVID-19.

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