scholarly journals Effects of Age, Spatial Relation and Object Type on Young Children’s Analogical Transfer of Spatial Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Youjeong Park
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Analogical Transfer ◽  
Object Type

scholarly journals Goal, source, and route preverbs in Latin: their interaction with spatial datives

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Acedo-Matellán
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Configurational Theory

Abstract Prefixed verbs in Latin may take an argument in the dative case, interpreted as the ground of the spatial relation codified by the preverb. This phenomenon is constrained by the semantics of that spatial relation: while preverbs encoding a location, a goal, or a source of motion generally accept the dative argument, preverbs encoding a route do not. I propose a syntactic analysis of this phenomenon, framed within the Spanning framework. I assume an analysis of the spatial dative as an applied argument interpreted as a possessor of the final location of motion. Developing a configurational theory of spatial relations, I show how only the syntax-semantics of the preverbs interpreted as encoding a location, be this final (a goal), initial (a source), or unrelated to motion (a static location), is compatible with the projection of an Appl(icative)P integrating the dative argument. By the same token, pure route preverbs, involving a path but not a location, are correctly predicted to disallow the projection of ApplP, and hence the spatial dative.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION AND ORGANIZATION OF GEOGRAPHIC SPATIAL RELATIONS BASED ON TOPIC MAPS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1257-1261
Author(s):  
H. J. Liang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
T. J. Cui ◽  
J. F. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Spatial Database ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Topic Maps ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
Topic Map

Spatial Relation is one of the important components of Geographical Information Science and Spatial Database. There have been lots of researches on Spatial Relation and many different spatial relations have been proposed. The relationships among these spatial relations such as hierarchy and so on are complex and this brings some difficulties to the applications and teaching of these spatial relations. This paper summaries some common spatial relations, extracts the topic types, association types, resource types of these spatial relations using the technology of Topic Maps, and builds many different relationships among these spatial relations. Finally, this paper utilizes Java and Ontopia to build a topic map among these common spatial relations, forms a complex knowledge network of spatial relations, and realizes the effective management and retrieval of spatial relations.

Fuzzy Three-Dimensional Voronoi Diagram and its Application to Geographical Data Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Mian Dai ◽  
◽  
Fangyan Dong ◽  
Kaoru Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Voronoi Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Direction Relations ◽  
Complex Boundaries

A concept of fuzzy three-dimensional Voronoi Diagram is presented for spatial relations analysis of real world three-dimensional geographical data, where it is an extension of well known two-dimensional Voronoi Diagram to three-dimensional representation with uncertain spatial relation information in terms of fuzzy set. It makes possible to analyze quantitatively complex boundaries of geographically intricate areas, to give human friendly fuzzy explanation of determining three-dimensional directions, and to express uncertain spatial relations by precise unified fuzzy description. It is applied to decide spatial direction relations of artificial geographicalmountain data, which includes 8 spatial directions with at most 60 relative direction relations, and it leads to detect threedimensional directions whereas the expression of traditional 4 directions and 12 relative directions indicate two-dimensional directions only. The proposed concept aims to discriminate neighbors’ class relations and spatial-temporal changes of specially appointed objects, and also aims to be a tool to achieve the intellective extraction and analysis of geographical data of a mountainous area located in northeast China.

Hemispheric Processing of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Relations in the Absence of Low Spatial Frequencies

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matia Okubo ◽  
Chikashi Michimata
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Categorical Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations

Right-handed participants performed the categorical and coordinate spatial relation judgments on stimuli presented to either the left visual field—right hemisphere (LVF-RH) or the right visual field—left hemisphere (RVF-LH). The stimulus patterns were formulated either by bright dots or by contrast-balanced dots. When the stimuli were bright, an RVF-LH advantage was observed for the categorical task, whereas an LVF-RH advantage was observed for the coordinate task. When the stimuli were contrast balanced, the RVF-LH advantage was observed for the categorical task, but the LVF-RH advantage was eliminated for the coordinate task. Because the contrast-balanced dots are largely devoid of low spatial frequency content, these results suggest that processing of low spatial frequency is responsible for the right hemisphere advantage for the coordinate spatial processing.

The Role of High Spatial Frequencies in Hemispheric Processing of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Relations

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matia Okubo ◽  
Chikashi Michimata
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Categorical Task

Right-handed participants performed categorical and coordinate spatial relation tasks on stimuli presented either to the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH) or to the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH). The stimuli were either unfiltered or low-pass filtered (i.e., devoid of high spatial frequency content). Consistent with previous studies, the unfiltered condition produced a significant RVF-LH advantage for the categorical task and an LVF-RH advantage for the coordinate task. Low-pass filtering eliminated this Task × Visual Field interaction; thus, the RVF-LH advantage disappeared for the categorical task. The present results suggest that processing of high spatial frequency contributes to the left hemispheric advantage for categorical spatial processing.

Kinematic Simulation Using Qualitative Mechanism Models

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Liu ◽  
Masanori Igoshi ◽  
Eiji Arai
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Kinematic Simulation ◽  
Conceptual Design Stage ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Structural Descriptions

Abstract When trying to use computers to aid designers at the conceptual design stage, it becomes clear that many traditional methods and support tools are incompetent because they mainly deal with sufficient and quantitative information. However, at the conceptual design stage, information is insufficient and mostly qualitative. The focus of this paper is on representing and reasoning about the geometry and motion of physical objects for mechanical conceptual design. A new concept, called qualitative spatial relation space (QSRS), is introduced to describe mechanisms of mechanical products by referring to the qualitative spatial relations between their components. A qualitative kinematic simulation system has been implemented to enable verification of functions of products at the conceptual design stage. The system derives motions of components caused by other components’ specified motions from the qualitative structural descriptions of products, and puts brief and comprehensible functional interpretations of products.

scholarly journals Image-Text Joint Learning for Social Images with Spatial Relation Model

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jiangfan Feng ◽  
Xuejun Fu ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Yuling Zhu ◽  
Xiaobo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Joint Learning ◽  
Social Images

The rapid developments in sensor technology and mobile devices bring a flourish of social images, and large-scale social images have attracted increasing attention to researchers. Existing approaches generally rely on recognizing object instances individually with geo-tags, visual patterns, etc. However, the social image represents a web of interconnected relations; these relations between entities carry semantic meaning and help a viewer differentiate between instances of a substance. This article forms the perspective of the spatial relationship to exploring the joint learning of social images. Precisely, the model consists of three parts: (a) a module for deep semantic understanding of images based on residual network (ResNet); (b) a deep semantic analysis module of text beyond traditional word bag methods; (c) a joint reasoning module from which the text weights obtained using image features on self-attention and a novel tree-based clustering algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using Flickr30k and Microsoft COCO datasets. Meanwhile, our method considers spatial relations while matching.

Visual Comparison of Random-Dot Patterns: Evidence concerning a Fixed Visual Association between Features and Feature-Relations

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Number Discrimination ◽  
Pattern Comparison ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Random Dot Patterns ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

Subjects made Same—Different judgements on pairs of briefly presented random-dot patterns: they had to judge in separate experiments either whether the members of each pair were identical in shape or whether the number of dots in each pattern was the same. When one pattern was the rotated version of the other, the proportion of Same responses varied with the angle of rotation in the same way for the two types of judgement. From these and other data obtained with pattern pairs in which members differed in shape and in dot-number, the following inferences are made. First, in making both kinds of Same judgements, a fixed visual association is established between local features (dot-clusters within the pattern) and certain spatial relations between these local features. Thus when spatial-relation information is in principle irrelevant to the pattern-comparison task, as in judgements of dot-number, this information is not separated from the relevant local-feature information in the pattern representation. Second, in both tasks, a common description of the patterns in terms of local features and feature-relations is used in making a Same judgement. Third, some shape discrimination independent of orientation and some dot-number discrimination independent of shape are each the result of the process mediating Different decisions.

Frames of reference and the encoding of spatial location in Mandarin Chinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-376
Author(s):  
Keding Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Reference Object ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Linguistic Representation

Abstract This article attempts to account for how the static spatial relations of location between objects are encoded in Mandarin Chinese with Levinson’s notions of frames of reference and Talmy’s concept of Figure-Ground relations as theoretical guidance. Space is relational in nature, and spatial relations are embodied concepts that are at the heart of our conceptual system. That’s why they cannot be seen in the way physical objects are observed. Accordingly, I am inclined to propose that spatial relations are not natural entities in the physical world, but abstract ones that are construed and conceptualized subjectively by human beings. In accordance with the relational nature of space, Mandarin Chinese speakers usually encode the abstract spatial relation X Spatially Relates To Y into a linguistic representation as X V Y (P) where P is optional, when a pure static spatial relation of location between objects is construed, or into a linguistic representation as X VP zài Y P where VP stands for verbs of posture, when the object being located is conceived as being spatially related in a certain manner with respect to the reference object. Usually, such linguistic representations as X V Y (P) and X VP zài Y P are usually realized in Mandarin Chinese as two types of locative constructions: spatial relation constructions of containment/enclosure and spatial relation constructions of proximity/adjacency. What’s more, though locative constructions are related in some way to existential constructions in Mandarin Chinese, they are actually distinct from each other in three ways from a cognitive linguistics perspective: (i) they encode different spatial relations, (ii) they reveal different Figure-Ground relations, and (iii) there is a difference in definiteness of the two nominals involved.

Lateralization of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Functions: A Study of Unilateral Stroke Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Laeng
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coordinate Transformations ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations

Sixty patients with unilateral stroke (half with left hemisphere damage and half with right hemisphere damage) and a control group (N = 15) matched for age and educational level were tested in two experiments. In one experiment they were first shown, on each trial, a sample drawing depicting one or more objects. Following a short delay, they were asked to identify the drawing when it was paired with a drawing in which the same object(s) was transformed in categorical or coordinate spatial relations. In the other experiment, the same subjects first were shown, on each trial, a sample drawing. They then judged which of two variants (each in one type of spatial relation) looked more similar to the sample drawing. Typically, patients with left-sided stroke mistakenly identified the categorical transformation for the sample drawing in the first task; in the second task, they judged the categorical transformation as more similar to the sample drawing. Patients with right-sided stroke mistakenly identified the coordinate transformations for the sample drawing in the first task, and, in the second task, typically judged the drawings transformed along coordinate spatial relations as more similar to the sample drawing. These findings provide evidence for complementary lateralization of the two types of spatial perception. It can therefore be inferred that separate functional subsystems process the two types of spatial relations.

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