Variation and Change in Archaic States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Feinman
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Archaic States

Humans cooperate in social networks that are larger, more complex, and generally exhibit greater diversity than those of other mammals. Though the behaviors and social mechanisms that sustain these often multigenerational arrangements remain incompletely understood, ritual has been proposed as one important factor that contributes to the resilience and reproduction of human social formations. Underpinned by recent interdisciplinary and comparative analyses of ritual and cooperation, the diversity of human ritual practice during the preindustrial past is considered in this chapter with a focus on archaic (preindustrial) states. Concepts for framing variation and change in ritual practice are advanced with particular consideration given to the axes of scale and modes of cooperation.

Religious Ritual and Wari State Expansion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ryan Williams ◽  
Donna J. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
Titicaca Basin ◽  
Archaic States ◽  
Sunken Court

The role of ritual and religion in the expansion of archaic states is often overlooked in favor of militaristic or economic explanations. In chapter 6, Williams and Nash explore religious ritual practice in the reproduction of social order at the Wari (600–1000 CE) colony in Moquegua, Peru, focusing on ritually important activities in three architecturally distinctive ceremonial structures around Cerro Baúl: Wari D-shaped temples; huaca shrines; and Titicaca Basin–inspired platform-sunken court complexes. Activities in all these structures take place contemporaneously on and around the Wari citadel situated on the 600-meter-tall mesa on the southern Wari frontier. According to the authors, the diverse rites in these complexes promoted the promulgation of distinct elite identities within the cosmopolitan sphere of what constituted Wari provincialism. However, it is the inclusiveness of ritual practice in the Wari centers that is most distinctive of Wari doctrine. It is through this incorporation of elite diversity in particular places on the landscape that Wari was able to weave together the foundations for pluralism that constituted Wari religious hegemony.

scholarly journals Friends in Sports: Social Networks in Leisure, School and Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6197
Author(s):  
Håvard Bergesen Dalen ◽  
Ørnulf Seippel
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
School Networks ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
The Social

Young athletes value their social relations in sports, and these social relations can have consequences when it comes to joining, continuing, and quitting sports. Yet the important question of how social relations in sports develop has not yet been adequately answered. Hence, we investigated how athletes’ social relations in sports depend on social relations outside of sports: in leisure, school, and social media. A total of 387 athletes (aged 16–19) from 30 Norwegian sports groups completed a survey on electronic tablets. We asked how social relations in leisure, school, and social media—through the social mechanisms of contact, homophily, and contagion—influenced social relations in sports. We also controlled for the effect of exercise frequency and duration (years) of contact in sports. Exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) analyses showed that first and foremost, relations from social media and leisure, but also school networks and exercise frequency, influence sports networks. This study shows that social relations in sports are diverse and depend on social relations outside sports. We discuss how this has ‘counterintuitive’ consequences for sports participation, particularly the importance of supporting athletes’ social relations outside of sports for the strengthening of social relations within sports when addressing challenges concerning recruitment, continuation, and dropout from sports.

Mapping the Dissemination of the Theory of Social Representations via Academic Social Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 426-440
Author(s):  
Annamaria Silvana de Rosa ◽  
Laura Dryjanska ◽  
Elena Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Academic Social Networks ◽  
Comparative Results

This chapter examines the role of academic social networks in the dissemination of the social representations literature. In particular, it takes into account 9414 entries filed in the specialized SoReCom “A.S. de Rosa” @-library. Each entry was assessed concerning the presence of the publication in the three academic social networks (Academia.edu, ResearchGate, and Mendeley), which amounted to 2956 total entries. The publications on social representations found in academic social networks have undergone some of the comparative analyses based on “big data” and “meta-data” filed in the SoReCom “A.S. de Rosa” @-library repositories, concerning authors' countries and institutional affiliations, years of publication by year, type of publication, etc. This allowed presenting the geo-mapping of the wider scientific production in social representations and comparative results with different types of publications. Overall, the academic social networks constitute excellent allies in spreading knowledge in spite of their still relatively modest use.

scholarly journals No Longer Discrete: Modeling the Dynamics of Social Networks and Continuous Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nynke M. D. Niezink ◽  
Tom A. B. Snijders ◽  
Marijtje A. J. van Duijn
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Continuous Attribute ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Categorical Scale

The dynamics of individual behavior are related to the dynamics of the social structures in which individuals are embedded. This implies that in order to study social mechanisms such as social selection or peer influence, we need to model the evolution of social networks and the attributes of network actors as interdependent processes. The stochastic actor-oriented model is a statistical approach to study network-attribute coevolution based on longitudinal data. In its standard specification, the coevolving actor attributes are assumed to be measured on an ordinal categorical scale. Continuous variables first need to be discretized to fit into such a modeling framework. This article presents an extension of the stochastic actor-oriented model that does away with this restriction by using a stochastic differential equation to model the evolution of a continuous attribute. We propose a measure for explained variance and give an interpretation of parameter sizes. The proposed method is illustrated by a study of the relationship between friendship, alcohol consumption, and self-esteem among adolescents.

‘Dazed and Confused!’ Context and Social Disconnect in the Time of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Olivier Piguet
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHumans are social animals. Our sense of identity and ‘self’ is defined in part by the roles we perform in the social groups to which we belong. This article discusses some of the variables that contribute to our sense of self, including language, place of origin, education and shared social norms. It also outlines some of the general mechanisms that underpin our various social networks. In its final part, this article reviews the impact of social isolation, such as that happened during the COVID pandemic, on these social mechanisms and the resulted disruption of psychological wellbeing in individuals diagnosed with dementia.

Mapping the Dissemination of the Theory of Social Representations via Academic Social Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 7044-7056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Silvana de Rosa ◽  
Laura Dryjanska ◽  
Elena Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Academic Social Networks ◽  
Comparative Results

This chapter examines the role of Academic Social Networks in the dissemination of the Social Representations literature. In particular, it takes into account 9414 entries filed in the specialised SoReCom “A.S. de Rosa” @-library. Each entry was assessed concerning the presence of the publication in the three academic social networks (Academia.edu, ResearchGate and Mendeley), which amounted to 2956 total entries. The publications on social representations found in academic social networks have undergone some of the comparative analyses based on “big data” and “meta-data” filed in the SoReCom “A.S. de Rosa”@-library repositories, concerning authors' countries and institutional affiliations, years of publication by year, type of publication, etc. This allowed presenting the geo-mapping of the wider scientific production in Social Representations and comparative results with different types of publications. Overall, the academic social networks constitute excellent allies in spreading knowledge in spite of their still relatively modest use.

Organizational Variability in Early Aggregated Communities in Middle-Range Societies: An Example from the Kayenta Region of the American Southwest

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Stone
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Social Orders

AbstractEarly aggregated communities are the result of individuals and families from geographically dispersed social networks coming together at a single geographic locale. In the process of this transition, individuals and families must find new ways to relate to one another and are constantly negotiating their positions in new, and highly dynamic, social orders. To facilitate this negotiation, villages, and families within villages, experiment with existing and new social mechanisms. The result can be considerable differences in the organization of villages within the same region and even houses within a village. This study examines this variability at two Tsegi-phase villages (Segazlin Mesa and Pottery Pueblo) in the Kay enta region of the American Southwest to better understand these processes.

Development of a Rapid Survey Method of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos in Ambient Air

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 630-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. W. Melton ◽  
D. L. Kiefer ◽  
W. M. Henry ◽  
R. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

A methodology has been developed and demonstrated which is capable of determining total amounts of asbestos fibers and fibrils in air ranging from as low as fractional nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of air to several micrograms/m3. The method involves the collection of samples on an absolute filter and provides an unequivocal identification and quantification of the total asbestos contents including fibrils in the collected samples.The developed method depends on the trituration under controlled conditions to reduce the fibers to fibrils, separation of the asbestos fibrils from other collected air particulates (beneficiation), and the use of transmission microscopy for identification and quantification. Its validity has been tested by comparative analyses by neutron activation techniques. It can supply the data needed to set emissions criteria and to serve as a basis for assessing the potential hazard for asbestos pollution to the populace.

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