Equality, Race, and Slavery in BVI Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 7 examines the question of equality in British Virgin Islands (BVI) Quakerism in two distinct but intertwined ways. The fact that members of the Tortola meeting held Africans enslaved is a defining feature of this community and has attracted much modern attention. Although discordant to modern readers, Chapter Seven traces the complex and equivocal history of slavery and Quakerism. To explore how these complexities manifested in the BVI, it examines what can be said about the relationship between the Lettsoms of Little Jost van Dyke and the enslaved Africans they held there. Instead of the usual emphasis on oversight and control, the layout of the complex made for a distinction of free and enslaved at the expense of direct oversight. Chapter 7 also examines the relations and concern for connections with non-Quaker planters. In particular, it suggests that some of the markers which performed and created Quakerism had to be moderated so as not to threaten ties beyond the group. Performances of Quakerism were more private, whereas the most public statements of the Lettsoms would have been compatible with the planter community at large. Quakerism was mapped onto existing racial and legal distinctions between white and black, free and enslaved.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Political ◽  
Society Of Friends ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter sketches the questions and goals of the overall project and the needed background information about Quakerism. It introduces the Tortola Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (“Quakers”) which formed in the British Virgin Islands about 1740 and addresses how archaeology can approach the study of religion and religious communities. This chapter also serves as an introduction to Quakerism itself, including its ideology based on individual, un-mediated communion with God, and a brief history of the group from its foundation in the political and economic turmoil of mid-seventeenth-century England, to the “Quietism” of wealthy “Quaker Grandees” in Philadelphia, to a nineteenth and twentieth century history of schism and reunion around pacifism. The Quaker structure of Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly meetings is introduced, and connected to both community oversight and support structures. Finally, this chapter introduces three main Quaker ideals—simplicity, equality, and peace—which will be interrogated throughout the work as they change in their interactions with Caribbean slavery and geography.

scholarly journals Are Iranian Sulfur Mustard Gas-Exposed Survivors More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2? Some Similarity in Their Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Farnoosh ◽  
Mostafa Ghanei ◽  
Hossein Khorramdelazad ◽  
Gholamhossein Alishiri ◽  
Alireza Jalali Farahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Gas Exposure

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged as a health problem worldwide. It seems that COVID-19 is more lethal for Iranian veterans with a history of exposure to mustard gas. There are some similarities in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas in immune system disruption and pulmonary infection. SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas inducing oxidative stress, immune system dysregulation, cytokine storm, and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor in lungs that act as functional entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure are more susceptible and vulnerable to COVID-19. It is suggested that the principles of COVID-19 infection prevention and control be adhered to more stringently in Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure than others who have not been exposed to mustard gas. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different pathologic aspects of lung injury caused by mustard gas and also the relationship between this damage and the increased susceptibility of Iranian mustard gas exposed survivors to COVID-19.

Mass stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the British Virgin Islands

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni ◽  
Gian M. Toyos-González ◽  
Janice Pérez-Padilla ◽  
Marta A. Rodríguez-López ◽  
Julie Overing
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mass Stranding

The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is an offshore, tropical and subtropical delphinid found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species has only recently been studied, mostly from specimens collected from strandings. While over 52 reports exist for the Atlantic Ocean, only one record exists for the Caribbean Sea. A new record of a mass stranding of pygmy killer whales from the British Virgin Islands is documented and the pathology and life history of the specimens is described, associating the stranding process with the meteorological and oceanographic disturbance of Hurricane Marilyn, which devastated the Virgin Islands a day prior to the stranding. This stranding event constitutes the sixth known mass stranding for the species worldwide, the first record for pygmy killer whales for the northeastern Caribbean and the second for the entire Caribbean Sea.

Dingo Bold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Dingo Bold is a thought-provoking exploration of the relationship between people and dingoes. At its heart is Rowena Lennox's encounter with a dingo on the beach on K’gari (Fraser Island), a young male she nicknames Bold. Struck by this experience, and by the intense, often polarised opinions expressed in public conversations about dingo conservation and control, she sets out to understand the complex relationship between humans and dingoes. Weaving together ecological data, interviews with people connected personally and professionally with K’gari’s dingoes, and Lennox's expansive reading of literary, historical and scientific accounts, Dingo Bold considers what we know about the history of relations between dingoes and humans, and what preconceptions shape our attitudes today. Do we see dingoes as native wildlife or feral dogs? Wild or domesticated animals? A tourist attraction or a threat? And how do our answers to these questions shape our interactions with them?

The Relationship Between Imposex and Tributyltin (TBT) Concentration in Strombus Gigas from the British Virgin Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassander P Titley-O'Neal ◽  
Bruce A MacDonald ◽  
ÉMilien Pelletier ◽  
Richard Saint-Louis ◽  
Orville S Phillip
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Strombus Gigas ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
The Relationship

Uncertainty and Control in Russia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob N. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyzes the organization of pre-Revolutionary Russian terrorist groups in the 1880s and 1900s. Understanding these groups is useful in many ways. First, and most important, many of the organizational pathologies of terrorism are starkly illustrated by the travails of what were really the first modern terrorist organizations. Second, comparing these groups offers an opportunity to test hypotheses about the relationship between uncertainty and control. Third, the history of these groups is extremely well developed, in part because the archives of the Tsarist secret police were preserved, giving historians a rich set of investigative and interrogation reports to work with. Finally, the scale of violence in Russia was much greater than in Northern Ireland or Palestine. Examining this case thus complements the al-Qa'ida in Iraq case study in confirming that organizational dynamics described in preceding chapters are not unique to small-scale conflicts.

scholarly journals Women, Star Trek, and the early development of fannish vidding

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Coppa
Keyword(s):  
Star Trek ◽  
Early History ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Visual Texts ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mainstream Culture ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper argues that the practices and aesthetics of vidding were structured by the relationship of Star Trek’s female fans to that particular televisual text. Star Trek fandom was the crucible within which vidding developed because Star Trek’s narrative impelled female fans to take on two positions often framed as contradictory in mainstream culture: the desiring body, and the controlling voice of technology. To make a vid, to edit footage to subtext-revealing music, is to unite these positions: to put technology at the service of desire. Although the conflict between desire and control was particularly thematized in Star Trek, most famously through the divided character of Spock, the practices of vidding are now applied to other visual texts. This essay examines the early history of vidding and demonstrates, through the close reading of particular vids made for Star Trek and Quantum Leap, how vidding heals the wounds created by the displacement and fragmentation of women on television.

scholarly journals Reparative histories: tracing narratives of black resistance and white entitlement

Race & Class ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Bergin ◽  
Anita Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Black Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Agency

The reinvigoration of forms of white supremacy in the US and Europe has sharply delineated the connections between occluded racialised pasts and contemporary race politics in ways which make reparative history an urgent concern. This article argues that contemporary struggles over the politics of memorialisation telegraph more than a debate over contested histories. They are also signs of how the liberal narrative of ‘trauma’ and healing no longer suffices as a way of marginalising the history of radical black agency. Building on the research by the Legacies of British Slave-ownership project, the article focuses on the incendiary year of 1831 and on a moment of collision – between black resistance and white entitlement. It situates a hitherto overlooked aborted slave uprising in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, within its multiple radical Caribbean, Atlantic and British contexts as a way of disrupting the distance between histories confined to ‘there’ and those confined to ‘here’. The article explores how the link between slavery and capitalism can be connected concretely to the black claim made on the nature of that emancipation as a way of further developing the concept of reparative history.

Contexts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of

Chapter 2 provides a history of the British Virgin Islands (BVI) themselves and how their unusual place in the colonial process produced a more isolated, poorer set of white colonists than many other Caribbean islands. The marginal agricultural potential of the BVI left them uncolonized longer than most islands and European settlement began there in a haphazard way, with no formal government, church, or other institutions. This left the settlers free to experiment with new social forms, such as Quakerism, the arrival of which is also recounted here. But this isolation also posed challenges and left them in precarious positions. This chapter also introduces the Lettsom family who will be the focus for the study along with their island of Little Jost van Dyke, before describing the archaeological work undertaken to address the project’s questions. The remainder of the volume takes up the themes of simplicity, equality, and peace, shifting between written and archaeological evidence to understand how BVI Quakers understood and enacted these ideas differently than Quakers elsewhere.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRAINE AND THE OCCURANCE OF BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Vestibular Disorder ◽  
Inconsistent Result ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Introduction: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder. Migren also common in general population. Several studies have shown inconsistent result for the relationship between migraine and BPPV.This study aims to determine relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV Methode: This case control study selected subjects with consecutive sampling techniques. Sampling was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and network hospital. Thirty two patients with BPPV were selected as case group and matched with thirty two patients without BPPV as control group. Migraine history was taken in medical record. This study began in March until June 2020. Result: The majority of case and control group were female with eighteen subjects (56.2%) and median age about 60.5 (27-78) years old. We found eight patients (25.0%) with history of migraine in case group and in control group four patients (12,5%) with history of migraine. There is no significance relationship in migraine and the occurance of BPPV with p= 0.33 and OR=2.33 (95% CI = 0.62-8.71) Conclusion: There is no relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV.

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