Modelling Route Choice in Crowd Evacuation on Passenger Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Li ◽  
W Cai ◽  
A A Kana ◽  
B Atasoy
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Safety

This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model with route choice process to predict the crowd behaviours and evaluate the evacuation safety on passenger ships. The model focuses on the behaviours of two common types of passengers that are not typically accounted for during most evacuation analyses, namely, passengers who are not familiar with the ship layout and passengers who have family members or friends with them. In the proposed model, a marker concept is introduced to represent critical routing points of the layout and passenger agents make a route choice based on their surroundings and characteristics instead of just following the shortest routes. The simulation model is tested by two small but targeted scenarios and one comprehensive scenario on a ship deck. For ship designers, a more realistic evacuation time is provided to better assess the evacuation performance of a ship, and a heat map of crowd density is presented to identify possible bottleneck areas.

Modeling human factors influencing herding during evacuation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzna Zafar ◽  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Saini ◽  
Arshad Muhammad ◽  
Alois Ferscha
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Path ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Game Theoretic Model

Purpose It has been witnessed that many incidents of crowd evacuation have resulted in catastrophic results, claiming lives of hundreds of people. Most of these incidents were a result of localized herding that eventually turned into global panic. Many crowd evacuation models have been proposed with different aspects of interests. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to bring together many of these aspects to study evacuation dynamics. Design/methodology/approach The proposed agent-based model, in a hypothetical physical environment, uses perception maps for routing decisions which are constructed from agents’ personal observations of the surroundings as well as information gathered through distant communication. Communication is governed by a trust model which measures the authenticity of the information being shared. Agents are of two types; emotional and rational. The trust model is combined with a game-theoretic model to resolve conflict of agents’ own type with that of types of agents in the neighborhood. Findings Evacuation dynamics in different environmental and exit strategies are evaluated on the basis of reduced herding and evacuation time. Using this integrated information sharing model, agents gain an overall view of the environment, sufficient to select the optimal path towards exits with respect to reduced herding and evacuation time. Originality/value The proposed model has been formulated and established using an agent-based simulation integrating important modeling aspects. The paper helps in understanding the interplay between technological and humanistic aspects in smart and pervasive environments.

Simulation Model of Crowd Evacuation Navigation in a Multi-Obstacle Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097126
Author(s):  
Zhongrui Ni ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yanjie Chai ◽  
Cuijuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Navigation Simulation ◽  
Local Navigation ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

The simulation of a crowd evacuating public buildings can be an important reference in planning the layout of buildings and formulating evacuation strategies. This paper proposes an agent-based crowd model; a crowd evacuation navigation simulation model is proposed for the multi-obstacle environment. We introduce the concept of navigation factor to describe the proximity of the navigation point to the exit. An algorithm for creating navigation points in multi-obstacle environment is proposed along with the global navigation and local navigation control algorithms of the crowd. We construct a crowd evacuation simulation prototype system with different simulation scenes using the scene editor. We conduct the crowd evacuation simulation experiment in the multi-obstacle scene, recording and analyzing the relevant experimental data. The simulation prototype system can be used to derive the evacuation time of the crowd and analyze the evacuation behavior of the crowd. It is expected to provide a visual deduction method for crowd management in an evacuation emergency.

scholarly journals An Improved Simulation Model for Pedestrian Crowd Evacuation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial A. Muhammed ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Abeer Alsadoon ◽  
Nebojsa Bacanin ◽  
Polla Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

<p>This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models, i.e., “a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques”, developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed model by proposing a new method and integrating it with the model. This method enables the developed model to find a more appropriate evacuation area design, among others regarding safety due to selecting the best exit door location among many suggested locations. This method is completely dependent on the selected model's output, i.e., the evacuation time for each individual within the evacuation process. The new method finds an average of the evacuees’ evacuation times of each exit door location; then, based on the average evacuation time, it decides which exit door location would be the best exit door to be used for evacuation by the evacuees. To validate the method, various designs for the evacuation area with various written scenarios were used. The results showed that the model with this new method could predict a proper exit door location among many suggested locations. Lastly, from the results of this research using the integration of this newly proposed method, a new capability for the selected model in terms of safety allowed the right decision in selecting the finest design for the evacuation area among other designs.</p>

scholarly journals Agent-Based Evacuation in Passenger Ships Using a Goal-Driven Decision-Making Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Ni ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Ship Safety

Abstract A new agent-based model is proposed to support designers in assessing the evacuation capabilities of passenger ships and in improving ship safety. It comprises models for goal-driven decision-making, path planning, and movement. The goal-driven decision-making model determines an agent’s target by decomposing abstract goals into subgoals. The path-planning model plans the shortest path from the agent’s current position to its target. The movement model is a combination of social-force and steering models to control the agent in moving along its path. The utility of the proposed model is verified using 11 tests for passenger ships proposed by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization.

scholarly journals An Improved Simulation Model for Pedestrian Crowd Evacuation

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Danial A. Muhammed ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Abeer Alsadoon ◽  
Nebojsa Bacanin ◽  
Polla Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models—i.e., “a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques”—which was developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed model by proposing a new method and integrating it into the model. This method enables the developed model to find a more appropriate evacuation area design regarding safety due to selecting the best exit door location among many suggested locations. This method is completely dependent on the selected model’s output—i.e., the evacuation time for each individual within the evacuation process. The new method finds an average of the evacuees’ evacuation times of each exit door location; then, based on the average evacuation time, it decides which exit door location would be the best exit door to be used for evacuation by the evacuees. To validate the method, various designs for the evacuation area with various written scenarios were used. The results showed that the model with this new method could predict a proper exit door location among many suggested locations. Lastly, from the results of this research using the integration of this newly proposed method, a new capability for the selected model in terms of safety allowed the right decision in selecting the finest design for the evacuation area among other designs.

scholarly journals An Evacuation Model for Passenger Ships That Includes the Influence of Obstacles in Cabins

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Ni ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Passenger Behavior

Passenger behavior and ship environment are the key factors affecting evacuation efficiency. However, current studies ignore the interior layout of passenger ship cabins and treat the cabins as empty rooms. To investigate the influence of obstacles (e.g., tables and stools) on cabin evacuation, we propose an agent-based social force model for advanced evacuation analysis of passenger ships; this model uses a goal-driven submodel to determine a plan and an extended social force submodel to govern the movement of passengers. The extended social force submodel considers the interaction forces between the passengers, crew, and obstacles and minimises the range of these forces to improve computational efficiency. We drew the following conclusions based on a series of evacuation simulations conducted in this study: (1) the proposed model endows the passenger with the behaviors of bypassing and crossing obstacles, (2) funnel-shaped exits from cabins can improve evacuation efficiency, and (3) as the exit angle increases, the evacuation time also increases. These findings offer ship designers some insight towards increasing the safety of large passenger ships.

scholarly journals Simulation analysis of quality of business in IP networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Radonjic-Djogatovic ◽  
Marko Djogatovic ◽  
Milorad Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Direct Reflection

In this paper, we propose a simulation model for mapping Quality of Service (QoS) parameters to Quality of Business (QoBiz) in IP networks. We assume that Internet Service Provider (ISP) offers tariff packages based on the proposed QoS to QoBiz mapping and users? requirements. Available bit rate and security are chosen as the key QoS parameters, and price is selected as a main QoBiz parameter from users? perspective, while revenue singles out as the main QoBiz parameter from ISP?s perspective. We also assume that ISP applies hybrid pricing so that price reduction is performed depending on QoS violation, defined through network load. The simulation model is conducted using agent-based simulation methodology. Agents can be seen as autonomous units that mutually interact in the environment. In this research, users and ISP are observed as simulation agents and IP market is seen as the environment. Output parameters in the simulation analysis are ISP?s revenue and service price. The proposed model enables direct reflection of QoS violation on service prices and consequently on ISP?s revenue. Simulation results show prices decrease for most of the tariff packages.

Uncommon exit arrangement effects in airplane emergency evacuation

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2424-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Martínez-Val ◽  
JM Hedo ◽  
E Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Exit Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Utilization Patterns

This paper presents the effects of uncommon exit size and location arrangement in the emergency evacuation of transport airplanes. The analysis is carried out by means of an agent-based computer model conceived to simulate the evacuation of narrow-body aircraft as required in the certification process, as well as for design purposes. The simulation model provides full evacuation data of all occupants: escape route followed, distance to exit, time to reach the ground, etc., as well as those of the whole cabin: exit utilization patterns, evacuation histograms, chronolines and total evacuation time. The present research concentrates on the effect of uncommon exit size and location arrangements, such as large longitudinal shifting and/or suppression of some of the exits in the evacuation performance.

scholarly journals An Improved Simulation Model for Pedestrian Crowd Evacuation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial A. Muhammed ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Abeer Alsadoon ◽  
Nebojsa Bacanin ◽  
Polla Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Exit Door ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

<p>This paper works on one of the most recent pedestrian crowd evacuation models, i.e., “a simulation model for pedestrian crowd evacuation based on various AI techniques”, developed in late 2019. This study adds a new feature to the developed model by proposing a new method and integrating it with the model. This method enables the developed model to find a more appropriate evacuation area design, among others regarding safety due to selecting the best exit door location among many suggested locations. This method is completely dependent on the selected model's output, i.e., the evacuation time for each individual within the evacuation process. The new method finds an average of the evacuees’ evacuation times of each exit door location; then, based on the average evacuation time, it decides which exit door location would be the best exit door to be used for evacuation by the evacuees. To validate the method, various designs for the evacuation area with various written scenarios were used. The results showed that the model with this new method could predict a proper exit door location among many suggested locations. Lastly, from the results of this research using the integration of this newly proposed method, a new capability for the selected model in terms of safety allowed the right decision in selecting the finest design for the evacuation area among other designs.</p>

scholarly journals Simulating Evacuations with Obstacles Using a Modified Dynamic Cellular Automata Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim Eng Aik ◽  
Tan Wee Choon
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
Better Than

A modified dynamic cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the evacuation of occupants from a room with obstacles. The model takes into account some factors that play an important role in an evacuation process, such as human emotions and crowd density around the exits. It also incorporates people’s ability to select a less congested exit route, a factor that is rarely investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that modifications to the exits provide reasonable improvement to evacuation time, after taking into account the fact that people will tend to select exit routes based on the distance to the exits and the crowd density around the exits. In addition, the model is applied to simulations of classroom and restaurant evacuation. Results obtained with the proposed model are compared with those of several existing models. The outcome of the comparison demonstrates that it performs better than existing models.

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