Evolutionary and Observational Consequences of Dyson Sphere Feedback

The search for signs of extraterrestrial technology, or technosignatures, includes the search for objects which collect starlight for some technological use, such as those composing a Dyson sphere. These searches typically account for a star’s light and some blackbody temperature for the surrounding structure. However, such a structure inevitably returns some light back to the surface of its star, either from direct reflection or thermal reemission. In this work, we explore how this feedback may affect the structure and evolution of stars, and when such feedback may affect observations. We find that in general this returned light can cause stars to expand and cool. Our MESA models show that this energy is only transported toward a star’s core effectively by convection, so low-mass stars are strongly affected, while higher-mass stars with radiative exteriors are not. Ultimately, the effect only has significant observational consequences for spheres with very high temperatures (much higher than the often assumed ∼300 K) and/or high specular reflectivity. Lastly, we produce color–magnitude diagrams of combined star–Dyson sphere systems for a wide array of possible configurations.

FUNCTIONS OF ALGORITHMIC THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF DEMONSTRATING CHESS SKILLS

Technological upgrades, progressive scientific and technical developments are a direct reflection of the challenges of the 21st century, the overcoming of which implies a review of the content of education and the results obtained from it, aimed at developing a creative, self-planning, results’ predicting personalities. The acquisition of the mentioned qualities is ensured by the introduction of a chess game in the educational process, the purpose of which is not only to learn chess, but also to develop cognitive, emotional qualities at young age (Karapetyan & Misakyan, 2020), action prediction, thinking quality, decision-making quality, performing analytical actions (Kasparov, 2007).

Popular Culture, Gender and State Socialism: Zhenata dnes Magazine

This article deals with the discourse of popular culture during the state socialism in Bulgaria and especially with the media aimed at female audiences. The Zhenata dnes (The Woman of Today) magazine is a starting point for the topic of what are the concepts of gender within socialism and are they changing. During the Cold War, there was a widespread belief that media were a direct reflection of narrow ideological norms. However, the example of Zhenata dnes clearly outlines the permeability and flexibility of topics related to the emancipation of women. The magazine openly publishes letters from readers, as well as analyses criticizing the government for the unhappy fate of women. Dissent, feminism and Western themes. The magazine was disliked and warned in the period 1966‒1980 that it had gone beyond the ideologically acceptable limits, but nevertheless it still exists. How did popular media targeting women create their image in the society of that time? How did the government want to build their image and how is it achieved in the magazine, thanks to the progressive positions of its editors and authors?

Aromaticity of Heterocirculenes

This review summarizes the results on the aromaticity of a series of synthesized and hypothetical neutral heterocirculene molecules and their double charged ions. The aromaticity of heterocirculenes is a direct reflection of their electronic structure responsible for the specific optoelectronic and photophysical properties. We show how the presence of a heteroatom in the outer macrocycle affects the aromaticity of hetero[8]circulenes. In addition, we also describe the change in aromaticity and strain energy for a series of the “lower” (n < 8) and “higher” (n > 8) hetero[n]circulenes. It was demonstrated that the loss of planarity with increased strain leads to an increased antiaromaticity of the lower hetero[n]circulenes, whereas higher hetero[n]circulenes demonstrate a more pronounced aromatic nature because of the small departure from planarity of each heteroarene ring in hetero[n]circulene molecule. Finally, we discuss the aromatic nature of the first examples of π-extended hetero[8]circulenes.

Analysis of Warning Threshold of Tunnel Monitoring and Measurement Based on Probability Statistics

In the process of tunnel construction, data on deformation monitoring magnifies the direct reflection of the stability of tunnel structure, and the setting of early warning value is more related to the safety of project construction. In this paper, a tunnel project is taken as an example, and based on a large number of previous engineering practices and the statistical characteristics of monitoring data, the probability statistics method is used to obtain the warning threshold, which is used to give suggestions for the construction of the tunnel project and provide technical reference for the monitoring and warning management of similar tunnel construction.

Research on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils Locality Dobrosloveni, Olt County for Sustainable Agriculture

The studied territory located in the central-western part of Olt County, belongs to the Caracal Plain and extremely little in the Leu-Rotunda Field in the SW part, both as divisions of the Romanati Plain.Locality presents a predominant relief of plain low altitude that is characterized by alluvio-proluvial plains moderately fragmented with local terraces, covered with loess-like deposit but relief of saucer.The soil cover of the territory under study is the direct reflection of all environmental factors, each having a role in the pedogenetic processes. Climate, as a pedogenetic factor, acted by its components, namely: temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, global radiation.Forest steppe vegetation was the supply of organic matter and biomass, because the hydrological regime is deficient, but especially the lithological substrate (loess-like complex) to steer solification to types characteristic of the cernisols class.Under the influence of environmental factors and pedogenetic processes within the locality Dobrosloveni it formed a wide range of soils, namely: protisols, cernisols, luvisols and hydrisols.

EchoSpot

Indoor localization has played a significant role in facilitating a collection of emerging applications in the past decade. This paper presents a novel indoor localization solution via inaudible acoustic sensing, called EchoSpot, which relies on only one speaker and one microphone that are readily available on audio devices at households. We program the speaker to periodically send FMCW chirps at 18kHz-23kHz and leverage the co-located microphone to capture the reflected signals from the body and the wall for analysis. By applying the normalized cross-correlation on the transmitted and received signals, we can estimate and profile their time-of-flights (ToFs). We then eliminate the interference from device imperfection and environmental static objects, able to identify the ToFs corresponding to the direct reflection from human body. In addition, a new solution to estimate the ToF from wall reflection is designed, assisting us in spotting a human location in the two-dimensional space. We implement EchoSpot on three different types of speakers, e.g., Amazon Echo, Edifier R1280DB, and Logitech z200, and deploy them in real home environments for evaluation. Experimental results exhibit that EchoSpot achieves the mean localization errors of 4.1cm, 9.2cm, 13.1cm, 17.9cm, 22.2cm, respectively, at 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, and 5m, comparable to results from the state-of-the-arts while maintaining favorable advantages.

History and Evolution of the Environmental Management System in Brazil

The idea of sustainable development emerges first as a socio-political movement, from a series of questions and concerns that have arisen at the international level, related to the contamination of natural environments and human beings, a result of industrial activities. From these concerns, a series of events and movements caused significant changes in international and national policies, leading to the construction of a significant legal framework and institutional apparatus, never seen in any other theme. The establishment of environmental management systems in most countries was a direct reflection of an international agenda launched during the Stockholm Conference, in 1972, which was continued with several other conferences and protocols, such as Rio-92, Rio+20, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, among others, that have consolidated an international environmental agenda over the past 50 years. In Brazil, this process generated direct reflexes with the construction of a significant legal framework and institutional apparatus. In this article, we describe this process, an important part of both the world’s and the Brazilian environmental history until 2014.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONCEPTION AND PERPETUATION OF BULLYING CULTURE IN INDIA

The pervasiveness of bullying in schools is a major concern that needs to be addressed. Bullying culture involves a manifestation of the power dynamics seen in a particular society. Despite the significant amount of research conducted in this area, there is still a lack of literature pertaining to bullying culture in India, especially involving the victimization of children. Indian society feeds off on social inequalities perpetuated by differences in class, caste, or religion. This sets the stage for notable variations in power, and on this stage masquerades the bullies. India finds itself with a bullying culture at different organizational levels; from schools to big companies. Indian schools, which represents a microcosm of society, is a direct reflection of the power dynamics seen in society at large. A lack of research about bullying in Indian schools opens the door to a wider range of concerns that includes a lack of initiative taken by schools or parents to curb the onslaught of bullying. This paper seeks to throw light on how this is the case due to the misperceptions regarding bullying that society propagates. For example, children and adults are often confused as to what constitutes bullying because to them certain acts of bullying mirrors traditionally accepted forms of disciplinary actions taken against children. This paper reviews literature showing how children are often misguided about what bullying is and the role that societal, familial, or school structures play in perpetuating said misconceptions. Furthermore, the paper also provides examples of certain non-traditional forms of bullying that reflect the misguided perceptions that children have about bullying.

Immune effector cell therapies in oncology: A systematic analysis and forecast from ClinicalTrials.gov.

e14516 Background: IEC are arguably the most promising therapy in oncology, and FDA approvals for CAR T cells are a testament to their real potential. This has led to a great growth of clinical trials (CT), making the evaluation of their associated data increasingly challenging. To facilitate this process, we performed a systematic review of ClinicalTrials.gov focused on IEC therapies in oncology. We performed an analysis of the CT data and forecast trends for 2025. Methods: CT registries were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov with a systematic search query. We included CT registered between 1993-2020, which used IEC-based therapies in oncology. Statistical analysis using descriptive and inferential methods allowed us to identify trends and establish forecasts. Results: We identified 938 registrations of IEC-CTs in oncology, and 51% of those were active. The most common IEC type was CAR T (51%), followed by NK (15%), TCR T (8%), TIL (8%), and CIK (3%). 69% of IEC-CTs were aimed at a specific target vs. 31% that lack that specificity. The number of annual CAR T-CTs continue to increase, and we forecast 320 registrations during 2025. Since 2018, the number of CTs using unmodified T cells and TIL has increased (largely due to metastatic melanoma studies). NK cells CTs represent 8% of all registrations, and by 2025 we anticipate that >150 NK-based CTs will be registered per year, a number similar to CAR T-CTs registered during 2020. IEC-CTs based on allogeneic sources represent 18% of all registrations and are expected to grow 2.5 fold in the next 5 years. In solid tumors, the most common IEC-CTs are based on Non-CAR studies, while in hem-malignancies 76% of CTs are CAR T. Only one solid tumor, CAR T-CT, has reached phase 2/3, while 7 CIK-CTs were used to target various organ tumors. Conclusions: IEC-CTs continue to grow exponentially and represent an active field of clinical research in oncology. Allogeneic and NK-CTs increase rapidly and are among the most promising IEC-CTs. A rising proportion of CTs in solid tumors are using CIK and TIL rather than CAR T-cells, which are more popular for treating hem-malignancies. This is a direct reflection of the challenges associated with CAR T infiltration and persistence in solid tumors. Our analyses indicate that annual IEC-CTs registrations will double by 2025. We anticipate the increase in cellular therapy options will demand an organized response, including adequate logistical planning and policy implementation in response to the landscape changes in clinical oncology during the upcoming years.[Table: see text]