Abstract
Explosive research proves that there is a common cause for most explosions in nuclear reactor power plants during normal operations and accident conditions. The autoignition of flammable hydrogen is a common cause for nuclear power plant explosions, where complex corrosion processes, nuclear reactions, and thermal-fluid transients autoignite explosions. Research evaluated increasingly complicated accidents. First, piping explosions occurred at Hamaoka and Brunsbuttel. Fluid transients compressed oxygen and flammable hydrogen to heat these gases to autoignition, where resultant explosions shredded steel pipes. This identical mechanism was responsible for pipe and pump damages to U.S. reactor systems since the 1950s, where water hammer alone has been assumed to cause damages. Small explosions inside the piping actually cause damages during nuclear reactor startups and flow rate changes. Second, explosions are caused by thermal-fluid transients during nuclear reactor restarts, following accidental nuclear reactor meltdowns. Disastrous explosions destroyed nuclear reactor buildings (RBs) at Fukushima Daiichi. Previously considered to be a fire, a 319 kilogram hydrogen explosion occurred at Three Mile Island (TMI). The explosion cause following each of these loss-of-coolant accidents was identical, i.e., after meltdowns, pump operations heated gases, which in turn acted as the heat source to autoignite sequential hydrogen explosions in reactor systems to ignite RBs. Third, the Chernobyl explosion followed a reactor meltdown that was complicated by a high energy nuclear criticality. The hydrogen ignition and explosion causes are more complicated as well, where two sequential hydrogen explosions were ignited by high-temperature reactor fuel.
PREDICTOR-BASED SELF TUNING CONTROL OF POWER PLANT
