Legal Certainty and International Crimes: A Public International Law Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
Sabreen Hassen ◽  
Mispa Roux
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
International Crimes

When the Child Surpasses the Father – Admissible Defences in International Criminal Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fournet
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal Justice ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Individual Criminal Responsibility

AbstractDue to the heinous nature of international crimes, admissible defences in the context of international criminal justice understandably constitute an issue surrounded with controversy. Yet, while International Criminal Law precludes the use of a series of defences, it also admits that certain grounds may exclude individual criminal responsibility or mitigate punishment even in the case of the most serious international crimes. The present study thus proposes to analyse the permissibility of these defences and the availability of such grounds for excluding responsibility by drawing a comparison between Public International Law and International Criminal Law and by highlighting the differences and discrepancies between the two systems. Ultimately, this analysis aims at demonstrating that International Criminal Law, one of Public International Law's children, has now surpassed its parent to become a more sophisticated and a fairer legal and judicial system, for both the defendants and the victims.

scholarly journals Short Analysis of Klaus Barbie and Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo in Pointing out of the Responsability of Natural Persons for International Crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Dumitrita Florea
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
International Crimes

In international law doctrine carried on extensive talking and still it is a actual subject, if the individual is liable of responsability and, implied, of sanction for international crimes. Before to reveal some aspects of natural persons responsability for international crimes a couple of clarifications is required. Thus, we recall that the first author which use the term international criminal law was Jeremy Bentham, who distinguished between the criminal law of the community of states and the criminal law of a state. Over time, legal doctrine has extrapolated the concept of legal relationships with an international element, making the distinction between public international law and private international law. If criminal law is a branch of public law, then international criminal law becomes a sub-branch of international law, regulating criminal legal relationships with an international element. In other words, referring to private international law, we specify that it represents the totality of legal norms that resolve conflicts of laws or conflicts of jurisdiction and those regarding the legal status of the foreign national. In this context, the international element appears as a factual circumstance related to a legal relationship due to which this relationship is related to several legal systems (or laws belonging to different countries). With regard to international criminal law, we specify that this is a branch of public international law and designates the set of legal norms stipulated in various conventions and treaties by which states, in their capacity as subjects of law, order the repression of illicit acts that infringe fundamental rights of the international community. In other words, international criminal law consists of rules of general international law that govern the criminal liability of natural persons, individuals, for acts that harm international public order and constitute crimes against humanity.

Legal Certainty and Arbitration

2020 ◽  
pp. 376-397
Author(s):  
Frédéric Bachand ◽  
Fabien Gélinas
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Core

This chapter assesses legal certainty in international arbitration. It specifically considers the noticeable shift in the balance between legal certainty and legal flexibility. While legal flexibility surely continues to deserve a place among the core values of international arbitration, it is legal certainty’s stock that has been on the rise in recent years. The shift can be felt throughout the international arbitration system, and it is mainly driven by an increased awareness that too much flexibility can ultimately imperil arbitration’s legitimacy. While, in the commercial setting, the shift toward greater certainty is occurring in response to concerns emanating from users of arbitral services, in the investment context, it rather reflects concerns about the power of arbitrators to shape public international law.

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW: I. IMMUNITY AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMES IN ENGLISH LAW

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Warbrick
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
English Court ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law

The texts of two brief judgments by district judges at Bow Street are reproduced below. In each case, an application was made for proceedings against a serving foreign official to answer allegations in England of conduct which constituted crimes against international law which were within the jurisdiction of the English court, even though committed abroad and by non-UK nationals. In each case, the judge decided that the official was protected by the law of State immunity rationae personae against the proceedings and the applications were dismissed.

Security and predictability under WTO law

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG WEISS
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
Peremptory Norms ◽  
Wto Agreements

This article focuses on the interpretation and application of law in WTO dispute settlement from the angle of legal certainty and predictability. An analysis of the interpretation of WTO law shows that in general it does not differ from the interpretation of other public international law as interpretative rules well known in international law are applied. This together with the consistence provided by the respect of earlier panel and Appellate Body reports safeguard legal certainty. Furthermore, legal certainty and predictability requires clarity in the law applicable in WTO dispute settlement, in particular as regards non-WTO law. It will be shown that apart from peremptory norms of public international law (ius cogens), the relevance of international law outside WTO law is limited. Non-WTO treaty law must not be applied except if referred to by WTO law or incorporated therein. Apart from that international law of any kind can only be considered when interpreting WTO law. In certain circumstances this applies even to non-WTO treaty law to which not all WTO members are parties. Due to the as yet limited importance of non-WTO law, legal certainty and predictability also depend on the issue of conflict of norms, which also is relevant as far as the interrelationship of the different WTO agreements is concerned. In this regard predictability and legal certainty cannot be fully reached.

Espionage in the Light of Provisions of Public International Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Meriem A. Loukal
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Public International Law

ناولت هذه الدراسة أحكام التجسس باعتباره يثير الكثير من التساؤلات حول مدى مشروعيته؛ وذلك لتجريمه في القوانين الوطنية، وهو ما يجعله في المنطقة الرمادية، وقد زاد التطور التكنولوجي من تعقيد عملية التجسس عندما يكون باستخدام الأقمار الاصطناعية، بالإضافة إلى حاجة المنظمات الدولية إليه في إطار عمليات حفظ السلام، كما أن القبض على الجاسوس يرتب آثارًا قانونية متباينة، ففي زمن الحرب يتعرض للمحاكمة في حين أن تجسس المبعوث الدبلوماسي يؤدي إلى طرده أو خفض العلاقات الدبلوماسية أو قطعها. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج منها: عدم وجود صك دولي إلى اليوم يجرم التجسس، كما لا يمكن تبنيه على المدى البعيد. وجود إجماع فقهي حول عدم تكييف التجسس واعتباره كحد أدنى عملًا غير ودي. وخلصت إلى عدد من التوصيات منها: لابد من الفصل بطريقة حاسمة بين أشكال التجسس بتكييفها وإخراجها من المنطقة الرمادية

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