The Challenges of Effective Teaching and Learning of English in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria

The strategic place of English language in national development and mutual co-existence of Nigerians is not debatable. English has become a foreign national language to which the destiny of Nigeria is inextricably tied. The teaching of English at all levels of education in Nigeria is bedeviled with certain debilitating challenges. This paper examines some of the challenges of teaching and learning English in public secondary schools in Nigeria. It identifies such problems as poor quality of pupils admitted to secondary school, incompetent teachers of English, poor methodology and lack of motivation among others. The paper concludes that effective teaching of English language is a sine qua non for meaningful development in Nigeria and emphasizes the need for collective efforts in this direction. It recommends better training and retraining of teachers through continuing professional development practices and better commitment on the part of the government to the course of English studies in schools in Nigeria.

The Role of the CJEU in the Strengthening of the Participation of Third-Country Nationals in the Academic Life in the EU – Analysis of the Ruling of the CJEU in Case M.A. v Consul of the Republic of Poland in N

The analyzed ruling is the first judgement which the Court of Justice passed in order to provide interpretationfor the new Student Directive (2016/801 of 11 May 2016 on the conditions of entry and residence ofthird-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemesor educational projects and au pairing). Due to its judiciary activism, the Court was able to find a connectionbetween the case pending before a national court and EU law in the case of M.A. In the end, the Court finallydecided that in the case at issue, regarding the rights of a foreign national to apply for a residence permit for thepurpose of enrolling in second-cycle studies programme in Poland, the procedure of applying for a long-stay visaon the grounds of national law must be safeguarded by the guarantees under Article 47 of the Charter of FundamentalRights. The guarantees apply to the actual states in which EU law is applicable – in this case the “StudentDirective.” It seems that the ruling in the case of M.A. will play a crucial role in facilitating students’ – TCNs’ – entryinto the territory of the Republic of Poland, while the Polish legislator, in all probability, will be obliged to changethe provisions of the national law in such a way as to make it possible for future students to access a full array oflegal remedies against the negative decisions of consuls.

Deporting EU national offenders from the UK after Brexit: Moving from a system that recognises individuals, to one that sees only offenders

Deportation is a core state practice for the management and control of time-served foreign national offenders. Post-Brexit law changes mean that EU national offenders in the UK will become subject to the same deportation rules which apply to non-EU national offenders. This article argues that the law that applied to EU national offenders before Brexit, derived from the EU’s Citizens’ Rights Directive, was underpinned by a focus on the offender as an individual person. In contrast, UK deportation law that applies to third-country nationals, and to EU nationals after Brexit, sees only the label of ‘offender’. This argument is made by examining two important elements of the contrasting deportation laws: the permitted justifications for deportation and the importance of rehabilitation. On permitted justifications for deportation, the Citizens’ Rights Directive requires individualised rationales for deportation and prohibits justifications based solely on the fact of past offending. This future-orientation also encouraged UK courts to focus on the foreign national offender as an individual who is capable of rehabilitation and reform, whereas the UK’s post-Brexit rules justify deportation on the basis of the status of offender: a status that is determined by prior conviction, is hard to lose and makes limited space for considering the potential for rehabilitation.

Cultural identification of a person in the works of William Kurelek

Ethnic groups in Canada try not to dissolve in a foreign national environment and to preserve their identity. Polish-Ukrainian relations are an important topic in the context of studying the immigrant Canadian environment. William Kurelek was interested in this issue and managed to prove the role of Ukrainians in shaping a multicultural Canadian society. The authors of this study aimed to characterize the preconditions and history of the thematic series of Ukrainian immigrants and The Polish Canadians on the basis of artistic works. The works of William Kurelek were characterized and special attention was paid to Polish-Ukrainian motives in his work. The models of Ukrainian-Polish relations through the author's prism of understanding and observing the traditions and culture were derived. Issues of religious tradition, prairie duties, folk celebrations, upbringing, ethnic life and friendship were raised. In his paintings, William Kurelek raised these issues.

The Power of Racialized Discretion in Policing Migration

Discretionary practices have often been put forward to explain the racially disproportionate patterns we see in policing. The focus on discretion rather than racism neatly shifts attention away from race and instead towards discretionary practices, which are notoriously amorphous and inscrutable. The attention towards discretion (rather than race) further allows race to operate without being explicitly named and, therefore, to operate as an absent present. In this article, I discuss how race and discretion work together when ordinary police officers are tasked with migration control duties to identify foreign national offenders. Drawing on empirical research conducted in England, I propose the concept of racialised discretion and argue that it holds merit because it recognises that certain discretionary practices and decisions are animated because of race, through race and with the effect (intentional or not) of racially disproportionate outcomes. The article argues for the need for racialised discretion to be seen as distinct from other forms of discretion both in policing and the criminal justice process more widely.

A v BBC (Scotland) [2014] UKSC 25, Supreme Court

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in A v BBC (Scotland) [2014] UKSC 25, Supreme Court. This case concerned whether a court order granting anonymity to a convicted and deported foreign national sex offender could remain in place, notwithstanding objections from BBC (Scotland). In answering the question, the Court articulated what it referred to as the common law principle of open justice, which is the focus of this case note. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.

Dampak Masuknya Imigran Timur Tengah terhadap Keamanan Manusia Domestik dan Respon Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Era Donald Trump

Keresahan AS terhadap datangnya imigran Timur Tengah menjadi salah satu fokus utama kebijakan luar negeri pada era pemerintahan Trump. Dengan menggunakan alat analisis konsep keamanan manusia dan kebijakan luar negeri, studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan kebijakan luar negeri AS di era Trump sebagai respon terhadap masuknya gelombang imigran Timur Tengah yang mengancam sektor keamanan personal domestik AS. Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan dari pemerintahan Trump, tidak terlepas dari pandangan Islamophobia yang dimiliki Trump, sehingga menghasilkan produk kebijakan luar negeri terhadap imigran Timur Tengah yang bersifat kontradiktif dengan era pemerintah sebelumnya. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif-deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder. Dalam studi ini ditemukan beberapa strategi kebijakan luar negeri Trump sebagai agenda meningkatkan dan mempertahankan keamanan manusia domestik AS yakni Border Security and Interior Enforcement dan perintah eksektutif “Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign National” melalui travel ban.

Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Leave of Foreign-National Urologists Working at German Hospitals: Results of the Cross-Sectional EUTAKD Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Studies exist that identify factors associated with higher professional satisfaction among clinicians. However, there are no reliable findings for clinicians with a migration background as to whether there is a correlation between particular dimensions of professional satisfaction and the desire to leave their current specialty or country of employment. For the first time, these data were collected within a questionnaire-based study from urological clinicians with a migration background (UCMBs) working in Germany. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> A SurveyMonkey^® with 101 items relating to characterizing features of the study participants and questions about job satisfaction (<i>n</i> = 39) was opened for UCMBs between August and October 2020. The influence of different dimensions of job satisfaction on the desire to quit the urological specialty/leave Germany was analyzed (group A: neither want to leave urology nor Germany; group B: can at least imagine leaving the urological profession and/or Germany). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one UCMBs were distributed almost equally in groups A (50.6%) and B (49.4%). Occupational satisfaction was higher in several respects in group A. Three dimensions that differed significantly with regard to occupational satisfaction were used to create an aggregate score ranging from 3 to 15 points as follows: (1) relationship to superiors (<i>p</i> = 0.014), (2) career opportunities in the clinic (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and (3) opportunities for the further development of surgical skills (<i>p</i> = 0.006). For each point value of this aggregate score, the UCMB’s desire to quit urology or leave Germany (or at least uncertainty about this question) decreased by a relative value of 34.6% (odds ratio: 0.654, 95% confidence interval: 0.496–0.861, <i>p</i> = 0.002). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Various dimensions of job satisfaction have been identified, the improvement of which could contribute to the long-term retention of UCMBs at German urological clinics.

Dispossession as depotentiation

This paper proposes a theory of urban dispossession as depotentiation. ‘Depotentiation’, as I employ the term, indicates the diminishment of imminent capacities, affects and potentialities. I propose this formulation to both complement and critique Harvey’s dominant notion of accumulation by dispossession as the commodification of the urban commons and to contribute to conceptual developments on the stratified and affective dimensions of eviction. The evictions in my study operate in liminal urban spaces where there are no ‘commons’, but rather incomplete and fragile processes of ‘commoning’ and high levels of mobility and precarity. This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2019 in inner-city Johannesburg in unlawful and other informal occupations, frequently termed ‘bad buildings’, ‘hijacked buildings’ or ‘dark buildings’ and other low-income accommodation. These are sites of extreme precarity and liminality, endurance and potentiality, where tens of thousands of inner-city residents, South African and foreign-national, live without essential services and subject to the constant threat of eviction or deportation. Dispossession of their residents operates not only through the commodification of an urban commons but also through the diminishment of urban potentiality.