scholarly journals Gastroprotective Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cirlane Alves Araujo de Lima ◽  
Robson Silva de Lima ◽  
Jesica Batista de Souza ◽  
Ariel de Souza Graça ◽  
Sara Maria Thomazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
The Status

Gastric ulcer (GU), a common type of peptic ulcer, results from an imbalance in the action of protective and aggressive agents. Gastroprotective mechanisms are mucus layer, gastric epithelium, gastric blood flow, gastric neurons, mucosal repair capacity, and immune system. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to provide an update on gastroprotective mechanisms. It was carried out through searches in PubMed covering the years 2016–2021 using several keywords. This survey resulted in 428 articles, of which 110 were cited in this chapter. It was reviewed the status of gastroprotective mechanisms and highlighted that mucins can act as a filter; gastric epithelial defenses are composed of the cell barrier, stem cells, and sensors on the mucosal surface; nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) act for gastric blood flow homeostasis (GBF); the main effector neurons in the gastric mucosa are cholinergic, nitrergic and VIPergic, and oxytocin can activate neurons; repair of the gastric mucosa requires complex biological responses; the immune system regulates the entry of antigens and pathogens. The main knowledge about gastroprotective mechanisms remains unchanged. However, we conclude that there has been progressing in this area.

scholarly journals Novel Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)-Releasing BW-HS-101 and Its Non-H2S Releasing Derivative in Modulation of Microscopic and Molecular Parameters of Gastric Mucosal Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5211
Author(s):  
Dominik Bakalarz ◽  
Edyta Korbut ◽  
Zhengnan Yuan ◽  
Bingchen Yu ◽  
Dagmara Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced molecule with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. We aimed to investigate for the first time if a novel, esterase-sensitive H2S-prodrug, BW-HS-101 with the ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastropathy on microscopic and molecular levels. Wistar rats were pretreated intragastrically with vehicle, BW-HS-101 (0.5–50 μmol/kg) or its analogue without the ability to release H2S, BW-iHS-101 prior to ASA administration (125 mg/kg, intragastrically). BW-HS-101 was administered alone or in combination with nitroarginine (L-NNA, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Gastroprotective effects of BW-HS-101 were additionally evaluated against necrotic damage induced by intragastrical administration of 75% ethanol. Gastric mucosal damage was assessed microscopically, and gastric blood flow was determined by laser flowmetry. Gastric mucosal DNA oxidation and PGE2 concentration were assessed by ELISA. Serum and/or gastric protein concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, VEGF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF were determined by a microbeads/fluorescent-based multiplex assay. Changes in gastric mucosal iNOS, HMOX-1, SOCS3, IL1-R1, IL1-R2, TNF-R2, COX-1, and COX-2 mRNA were assessed by real-time PCR. BW-HS-101 or BW-iHS-101 applied at a dose of 50 μmol/kg protected gastric mucosa against ASA-induced gastric damage and prevented a decrease in the gastric blood flow level. H2S prodrug decreased DNA oxidation, systemic and gastric mucosal inflammation with accompanied upregulation of SOCS3, and EGF and HMOX-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase but not carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase (HMOX) activity by L-NNA or ZnPP, respectively, reversed the gastroprotective effect of BW-HS-101. BW-HS-101 also protected against ethanol-induced gastric injury formation. We conclude that BW-HS-101, due to its ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against drugs-induced gastropathy, inflammation and DNA oxidation, and upregulate gastric microcirculation. Gastroprotective effects of this H2S prodrug involves endogenous NO but not CO activity and could be mediated by cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory SOCS3 and EGF pathways.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonism prevent stress-induced gastric injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. G414-G423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bregonzio ◽  
Ines Armando ◽  
Hiromichi Ando ◽  
Miroslava Jezova ◽  
Gustavo Baiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cold Restraint Stress ◽  
Cold Restraint

Stress reduces gastric blood flow and produces acute gastric mucosal lesions. We studied the role of angiotensin II in gastric blood flow and gastric ulceration during stress. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were pretreated for 14 days with the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan before cold-restraint stress. AT1 receptors were localized in the endothelium of arteries in the gastric mucosa and in all gastric layers. AT1 blockade increased gastric blood flow by 40–50%, prevented gastric ulcer formation by 70–80% after cold-restraint stress, reduced the increase in adrenomedullary epinephrine and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA without preventing the stress-induced increase in adrenal corticosterone, decreased the stress-induced expression of TNF-α and that of the adhesion protein ICAM-1 in arterial endothelium, decreased the neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa, and decreased the gastric content of PGE2. AT1 receptor blockers prevent stress-induced ulcerations by a combination of gastric blood flow protection, decreased sympathoadrenal activation, and anti-inflammatory effects (with reduction in TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression leading to reduced neutrophil infiltration) while maintaining the protective glucocorticoid effects and PGE2 release. Angiotensin II has a crucial role, through stimulation of AT1 receptors, in the production and progression of stress-induced gastric injury, and AT1 receptor antagonists could be of therapeutic benefit.

Elevation of gastric blood flow as the mechanism of antiulcer effects of Pro-Gly-Pro

2000 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ya. Zhelyaznek ◽  
G. E. Samonina ◽  
V. I. Sergeev ◽  
I. P. Ashmarin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow

scholarly journals Famotidine prevents canine gastric blood flow reduction by NSAIDs

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (s2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hata ◽  
T. Kamada ◽  
N. Manabe ◽  
H. Kusunoki ◽  
D. Kamino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Blood Flow Reduction

Effect of PGI2, PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1α on canine gastric blood flow and acid secretion

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Gerkens ◽  
John G. Gerber ◽  
David G. Shand ◽  
Robert A. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow

scholarly journals Current clinical immunotherapeutic approaches for head and neck cancer

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Soto Chervin ◽  
Bruce Brockstein
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

It was estimated that 59,340 new cases of head and neck cancer would be diagnosed in the US alone in 2015 and that 12,290 deaths would be attributed to the disease. Local and regional recurrences may be treated with chemotherapy and radiation; however, metastatic head and neck cancer is fatal and is treated with chemotherapy for palliation. Recent successful treatment of a variety of solid and hematological malignancies by immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e. harnessing the body’s own immune system to combat disease) has added a fourth therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. This commentary will review the status of immunotherapies in clinical development for the specific treatment of head and neck cancer.

The relationship between the etiology of peptic ulcer and the blood flow and metabolism in the gastric mucosa

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
K. Asano ◽  
M. Kunisada ◽  
A. Yamagata ◽  
T. Nagao ◽  
H. Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
The Relationship
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