scholarly journals Differentiating Normal Cognitive Aging from Cognitive Impairment No Dementia: A Focus on Constructive and Visuospatial Abilities

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Ivanova Massaldjieva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

Physical activity and cognitive function in older persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Critical Challenge

Strategies to improve cognitive aging are highly needed. Among those, promotion of exercise and physical activity appears as one of the most attractive and beneficial intervention. Indeed, results from basic and clinical studies suggest that exercise and physical activity have positive effects on cognition in older persons without cognitive impairment, as well as in those with dementia. Despite inconsistent results, aerobic exercise appears to have the strongest potential to enhance cognition. However, even limited periods of walking (45 minutes, three times a week, over a 6-month period) have also been shown to enhance cognition, particularly executive functions. Changing long-term lifestyle habits in these older persons remains a critical challenge and attractive programs susceptible to gain adherence are needed to succeed in achieving improved cognitive aging.

scholarly journals EEG Measures of Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Older Adults With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Lydia Nguyen ◽  
Shraddha Shende ◽  
Daniel Llano ◽  
Raksha Mudar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Unique Word

Abstract Value-directed strategic processing is important for daily functioning. It allows selective processing of important information and inhibition of irrelevant information. This ability is relatively preserved in normal cognitive aging, but it is unclear if mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects strategic processing and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The current study examined behavioral and EEG spectral power differences between 16 cognitively normal older adults (CNOA; mean age: 74.5 ± 4.0 years) and 16 individuals with MCI (mean age: 77.1 ± 4.3 years) linked to a value-directed strategic processing task. The task used five unique word lists where words were assigned high- or low-value based on letter case and were presented sequentially while EEG was recorded. Participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible after each list to maximize their score. Results revealed no group differences in recall of low-value words, but individuals with MCI recalled significantly fewer high-value words and total number of words relative to CNOA. Group differences were observed in theta and alpha bands for low-value words, with greater synchronized theta power for CNOA than MCI and greater desynchronized alpha power for MCI than CNOA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that more effortful neural processing of low-value words in the MCI group, relative to the CNOA group, allowed them to match their behavioral performance to the CNOA group. Individuals with MCI appear to utilize more cognitive resources to inhibit low-value information and might show memory-related benefits if taught strategies to focus on high-value information processing.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results of MyCog, a Brief Assessment for the Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Laura Curtis ◽  
Lauren Opsasnick ◽  
Julia Yoshino Benavente ◽  
Cindy Nowinski ◽  
Rachel O’Conor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Abstract Early detection of Cognitive impairment (CI) is imperative to identify potentially treatable underlying conditions or provide supportive services when due to progressive conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease. While primary care settings are ideal for identifying CI, it frequently goes undetected. We developed ‘MyCog’, a brief technology-enabled, 2-step assessment to detect CI and dementia in primary care settings. We piloted MyCog in 80 participants 65 and older recruited from an ongoing cognitive aging study. Cases were identified either by a documented diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or based on a comprehensive cognitive battery. Administered via an iPad, Step 1 consists of a single self-report item indicating concern about memory or other thinking problems and Step 2 includes two cognitive assessments from the NIH Toolbox: Picture Sequence Memory (PSM) and Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS). 39%(31/80) participants were considered cognitively impaired. Those who expressed concern in Step 1 (n=52, 66%) resulted in a 37% false positive and 3% false negative rate. With the addition of the PSM and DCCS assessments in Step 2, the paradigm demonstrated 91% sensitivity, 75% specificity and an area under the ROC curve (AUC)=0.82. Steps 1 and 2 had an average administration time of <7 minutes. We continue to optimize MyCog by 1) examining additional items for Step 1 to reduce the false positive rate and 2) creating a self-administered version to optimize use in clinical settings. With further validation, MyCog offers a practical, scalable paradigm for the routine detection of cognitive impairment and dementia.

scholarly journals Cortisol, HDL-c, VLDL-c, andAPOEPolymorphisms as Laboratorial Parameters Associated to Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) and Dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian P. Lara ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Antônio L. Teixeira ◽  
Maira T. Barbosa ◽  
Karoline C. Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

scholarly journals Medial Temporal Atrophy and Memory Dysfunction in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom Joon Kim ◽  
Mi-Young Oh ◽  
Myung Suk Jang ◽  
Moon-Ku Han ◽  
Jisung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

Genetic Determinants of “Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia”

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Dubé ◽  
Christopher T. Johansen ◽  
John F. Robinson ◽  
Joan Lindsay ◽  
Vladimir Hachinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and homogeneous sociocultural background

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Sociocultural Background ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

Prevalence studies of dementia and cognitive impairment in different cultures and environments are necessary. OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in a rural homogeneous population from flooded areas in the Amazonian Basin. METHODS: A total of 163 subjects were interviewed with neurological, cognitive and functional evaluation. The individuals were classified as demented or cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND). RESULTS: cognitive impairment was observed in 11.4% (n=18 individuals). Ten out of the 18 were diagnosed as CIND and eight with dementia. The prevalence rate of dementia was 4.9% in subjects aged 50 years or over and of CIND was 6.1%. Considering only the elder group (>64 years of age), there was a 12.3% prevalence of dementia and 7.7% of CIND. CONCLUSION: In a homogeneous population, we observed a similar prevalence of dementia to rates reported by studies in Brazil and in other developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals A-020 Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Aging (ARMADA): Extension of the NIH Toolbox in Healthy Cognitive Aging 86 years and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-810
Author(s):  
Karpouzian-Rogers T ◽  
Peipert D ◽  
Slotkin J ◽  
Ustsinovich V ◽  
Wortman K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Computerized Measures ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Early detection of cognitive decline in older individuals can be accomplished with brief, computerized measures in diverse settings. The goal of the ARMADA study is to validate the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) in the neurological aging spectrum from cognitively normal to dementia, and to extend the age range to allow for longitudinal assessment of the oldest individuals. Here, we present baseline data from general population individuals over 85 years of age without cognitive impairment compared with those 65 to 85. Method ARMADA is a multi-site study recruiting participants from established research cohorts. Participants included cognitively average-for-age individuals between the ages of 65–85 (n = 82) and another group 86 and older (n = 105). Baseline characteristics and preliminary data are presented for the Cognition, Emotion, Motor and Sensation modules of the NIHTB. Results Analysis of preliminary baseline data revealed that mean uncorrected standard scores of most cognitive, motor, and sensation measures differed among the groups in the expected direction, such that individuals 65–85 had better performance than individuals 86 and older. Conversely, group scores were similar on most emotion measures. Conclusions This analysis of preliminary baseline data from ARMADA provides initial evidence for the utility of the NIHTB in individuals over age 85 without cognitive impairment, who, as a group, scored lower than those from age 65–85. These results demonstrate the importance of establishing cohort-specific norms relevant to the oldest age group. Longitudinal follow-ups over two years will track cognitive, motor, emotion, and sensory functioning in this group.

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