scholarly journals Trends in Neuroprotective Strategies after Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera ◽  
Marcela Garibay-López ◽  
Antonio Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
The Moment

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important pathology leading to possibly fatal consequences. The most common repercussions are those affecting motor and sensitivity skills. SCI-damage occurs in its first phase—as a result of the lesion mechanism (contusion, compression, transection, and primary lesion). After this primary damage, there is a second phase with further deleterious effects on neural degeneration and tissue restoration. At the moment, several investigation groups are working on developing therapeutic strategies to induce neuroprotection. This chapter pretends to introduce the reader to a wide range of these therapies, particularly those with promising results and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. In the first section, physiopathology of SCI will be addressed. Afterwards, the chapter will review neuroprotective strategies such as cyclooxygenase, calpain, and apoptosis inhibitors. Finally, the effect of immunophilin ligands, neural-derived peptides, antioxidants, hypoglycemic agent, gonadal hormones, Na channel blockers, and transplant of cultured cells will also be reviewed.

scholarly journals The SCIRehab project: analyzing multidisciplinary inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation treatment — second phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale Whiteneck ◽  
Julie Gassaway ◽  
Marcel P. Dijkers ◽  
Flora M. Hammond ◽  
Daniel P. Lammertse
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Development and Effectiveness Testing of “Punsook”: A Smartphone Application for Intermittent Urinary Catheter Users with Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Kamontip Harnphadungkit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Urinary Leakage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cord Injury

Objective: To develop and evaluate effectiveness of a smartphone application to assist the self-management of intermittent urinary catheter users Methods: This is experimental clinical research as part of a medical device trial. In phase 1, 10 intermittent urinary catheter users were recruited from spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who had been admitted to a rehabilitation ward at Siriraj Hospital. They used the preliminary version of “Punsook”, a web-based application (app) for a smartphone, alongside usual intermittent urinary catheterization (IC), and gave feedback on their experiences. Their qualitative opinions were used to further develop a second version of the “Punsook” app. In phase 2, the new version was used by 35 participants, who were asked to complete an effectiveness questionaire after using the app, including providing details on their history of urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary leakage, and catheterization-related pain. This information was gathered at the end of first and third months in the second phase of the study. Results: More than half the participants agreed at the end of the first month that every part of the app was acceptably pleasant. They liked the simplicity and ease of use of the app, accessibility, ease of return to use, and interest in the program. No statistically significant changes in urinary leakage, UTI, or pain were found. Conclusion: The app was considered effective in terms of the positive user satisfaction with all aspects of the app. However, despite this positive reception, the app may not have contributed to an improvement in participant bladder control.

scholarly journals Transplantation or Transference of Cultured Cells as a Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera ◽  
Karla Soria-Zavala ◽  
Julián García-Sánchez ◽  
Lisset Karina Navarro-Torres ◽  
Estefanía de la Cruz Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

In situ cryofixation of rat spinal cord by a new propane jet freezing device

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
William B. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Primary Injury

Spinal cord trauma is a major health problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. It is clear that traumatic spinal cord injury is related to the death of a cord segment which results in the structural and functional disruption of key pathways vital to the maintenance of normal neurological function. The injured area of the cord eventually becomes a zone of segmental necrosis which, in the more severe cases, involves all but a thin rim of sub-pial white matter. The clinical consequences of segmental necrosis can be consistently reproduced in experimental animals by dropping weights onto the surgically exposed cord. At the moment of impact and during the primary injury phase, there are changes in the spinal cord which indicate that neural membranes are altered. The extent and reversibility of these alterations are being investigated for therapeutic treatment. Emphasis has been placed principally on secondary events leading to calcium toxicity. An ultra-rapid freezing technique evolved from the necessity of preserving diffusible ions in situ before and after spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Promising neuroprotective strategies for traumatic spinal cord injury with a focus on the differential effects among anatomical levels of injury

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigona Ulndreaj ◽  
Anna Badner ◽  
Michael G Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy ◽  
Cervical Level

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The significant cost associated with the management and lifetime care of patients with SCI also presents a major economic burden. For these reasons, there is a need to develop and translate strategies that can improve outcomes following SCI. Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord, neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical translation. Yet, despite many preclinical advances, there has been limited translation into the clinic apart from methylprednisolone (which remains controversial), hypertensive therapy to maintain spinal cord perfusion, and early decompressive surgery. While there are several factors related to the limited translational success, including the clinical and mechanistic heterogeneity of human SCI, the misalignment between animal models of SCI and clinical reality continues to be an important factor. Whereas most clinical cases are at the cervical level, only a small fraction of preclinical research is conducted in cervical models of SCI. Therefore, this review highlights the most promising neuroprotective and neural reparative therapeutic strategies undergoing clinical assessment, including riluzole, hypothermia, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, glibenclamide, minocycline, Cethrin (VX-210), and anti-Nogo-A antibody, and emphasizes their efficacy in relation to the anatomical level of injury. Our hope is that more basic research will be conducted in clinically relevant cervical SCI models in order to expedite the transition of important laboratory discoveries into meaningful treatment options for patients with SCI.

‘The moment I leave my home – there will be massive challenges’: experiences of living with a spinal cord injury in Botswana

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inka Löfvenmark ◽  
Cecilia Norrbrink ◽  
Lena Nilsson Wikmar ◽  
Monika Löfgren
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Moment

scholarly journals Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Ahuja ◽  
Michael Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies

scholarly journals Traumatic spinal cord injury: current concepts and treatment update

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rouanet ◽  
Danyelle Reges ◽  
Eva Rocha ◽  
Vivian Gagliardi ◽  
Gisele Sampaio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Final Extent

ABSTRACT Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 1.3 million North Americans, with more than half occurring after trauma. In Brazil, few studies have evaluated the epidemiology of SCI with an estimated incidence of 16 to 26 per million per year. The final extent of the spinal cord damage results from primary and secondary mechanisms that start at the moment of the injury and go on for days, and even weeks, after the event. There is convincing evidence that hypotension contributes to secondary injury after acute SCI. Surgical decompression aims at relieving mechanical pressure on the microvascular circulation, therefore reducing hypoxia and ischemia. The role of methylprednisolone as a therapeutic option is still a matter of debate, however most guidelines do not recommend its regular use. Neuroprotective therapies aiming to reduce further injury have been studied and many others are underway. Neuroregenerative therapies are being extensively investigated, with cell based therapy being very promising.

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