Design of Optimized PID Controller Based on ABC Algorithm for Buck Converters with Uncertainties

Industrial Applications ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Single Output ◽

Hybrid Controller ◽

And Performance

Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) is the most popular controller that is commonly used in wide industrial applications due to its simplicity to realize and performance characteristics. This technique can be successfully applied to control the behavior of single-input single-output (SISO) systems. Extending the using of PID controller for complex dynamical systems has attracted the attention of control engineers. In the last decade, hybrid control strategies are developed by researchers using conventional PID controllers with other controller techniques such as Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controllers. The strategy of the hybrid controller is based on the idea that the parameters of the PID controller are calculated using gain elements of LQR optimal controller. This chapter focuses on design and simulation a hybrid LQR-PID controller used to stabilize elevation, pitch and travel axes of helicopter system. An improvement in the performance of the hybrid LQR-PID controller is achieved by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) which, is adopted to obtain best values of gain parameters for LQR-PID controller.

Elevation, pitch and travel axis stabilization of 3DOF helicopter with hybrid control system by GA-LQR based PID controller

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1868-1884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ibrahim K. Mohammed ◽

Abdulla I. Abdulla

Keyword(s):

Pid Controller ◽

Hybrid Control ◽

Research Work ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Feedback Gain ◽

Algorithm Optimization ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Control Approach ◽

Lqr Controller

This research work presents an efficient hybrid control methodology through combining the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal controlher. The proposed hybrid control approach is adopted to design three degree of freedom (3DOF) stabilizing system for helicopter. The gain parameters of the classic PID controller are determined using the elements of the LQR feedback gain matrix. The dynamic behaviour of the LQR based PID controller, is modeled and the formulated in state space form to enable utlizing state feedback controller technique. The performance of the proposed LQR based LQR controller is improved by using Genetic Algorithm optimization method which are adopted to obtain optimum values for LQR controller gain parameters. The LQR-PID hybrid controller is simulated using Matlab environment and its performance is evaluated based on rise time, settling time, overshoot and steady state error parameters to validate the proposed 3DOF helicopter balancing system. Based on GA tuning approach, the simulation results suggest that the hybrid LQR-PID controller can be effectively adopted to stabilize the 3DOF helicopter system.

ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF SEISMICALLY EXCITED STRUCTURES BY ATMDS: STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE ROBUSTNESS PERSPECTIVE

International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics ◽

10.1142/s0219455410003592 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 501-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ARASH MOHTAT ◽

AGHIL YOUSEFI-KOMA ◽

EHSAN DEHGHAN-NIRI

Keyword(s):

Vibration Control ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Pole Placement ◽

Structural Vibration ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

And Performance ◽

Performance Robustness

This paper demonstrates the trade-off between nominal performance and robustness in intelligent and conventional structural vibration control schemes; and, proposes a systematic treatment of stability robustness and performance robustness against uncertainty due to structural damage. The adopted control strategies include an intelligent genetic fuzzy logic controller (GFLC) and reduced-order observer-based (ROOB) controllers based on pole-placement and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) conventional schemes. These control strategies are applied to a seismically excited truss bridge structure through an active tuned mass damper (ATMD). Response of the bridge-ATMD control system to earthquake excitation records under nominal and uncertain conditions is analyzed via simulation tests. Based on these results, advantages of exploiting heuristic intelligence in seismic vibration control, as well as some complexities arising in realistic conventional control are highlighted. It has been shown that the coupled effect of spill-over (due to reduction and observation) and mismatch between the mathematical model and the actual plant (due to uncertainty and modeling errors) can destabilize the conventional closed-loop system even if each is alone tolerated. Accordingly, the GFLC proves itself to be the dominant design in terms of the compromise between performance and robustness.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

Multi loop Controller Design for Multivariable Processes Employing SISO PI Tuning Rules

10.35940/ijitee.f1070.0486s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S4) ◽

pp. 347-351

Keyword(s):

Controller Design ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Distillation Columns ◽

Proportional Integral ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Single Output ◽

Internal Model Controller ◽

And Performance ◽

Tuning Rules

Ability of the proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers in set point tracking and disturbance rejection has led to their wide usage in industrial applications. The desired controller performance can be achieved by application of suitable tuning rules. The presence of interacting loops in a process makes it a challenging task of PI controllers design in multivariable processes. This problem highly mitigated by employing simple single input single output internal model controller (IMC). This IMC PI controller values are applied for different distillation process involving distillation columns like Wardle and Wood (WW) , Wood and Berry (WB) and Vinate-Luyben (V-L). The obtained simulation with proposed method gives better results and performance indices values compared to other control tuning strategies.

Optimal Decentralized LQR Control to Enhance Multi-Area LFC System Stability

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/7232915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ashraf M. Abdelhamid ◽

Ahmed A. M. El-Gaafary

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

System Stability ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Single Output ◽

Optimal Linear

Many studies have been made in the field of load frequency control (LFC) through the last few decades because of its importance to healthy power system. It is important to maintain frequency deviation at zero level after a load perturbation. In decentralized control, the multi-area power system is decomposed into many single input single output (SISO) subsystems and a local controller is designed for each subsystem. The controlled subsystems may have slow poles; these undesired poles may drive the aggregated overall system into the instability region. Thus, it is required to relocate these poles to much more stable places to avoid their effect upon the overall system stability. This study aims to design a new load frequency controller based on the powerful optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. This technique can be applied over subsystem level to shift each subsystem undesired poles one by one into a prespecified stable location which in turn shift the overall system slow poles and reduce the effect of the interaction between the interconnected subsystems among each other. This procedure must be applied many times as the number of undesired poles (pairs) until all the desired poles are achieved. The main objective is considered to get a robust design when the system is affected by a physical disturbance and ±40% model uncertainties. LQR can be applied again over the aggregated system to enhance the stability degree. Simulation results are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method and compared to other research results.

Novel Strategy of Adaptive Predictive Control Based on a MIMO-ARX Model

Actuators ◽

10.3390/act11010021 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Alejandro Piñón ◽

Antonio Favela-Contreras ◽

Francisco Beltran-Carbajal ◽

Camilo Lozoya ◽

Graciano Dieck-Assad

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Water Levels ◽

Variable Model ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Single Output ◽

Predictive Controller ◽

Novel Strategy

Many industrial processes include MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output) systems that are difficult to control by standard commercial controllers. This paper describes a MIMO case of a class of SISO-APC (single-input, single-output adaptive predictive controller) based upon an ARX (autoregressive with exogenous variable) model. This class of SISO-APC based on ARX models has been successfully and extensively used in many industrial applications. This approach aims to minimize the barriers between the theory of predictive adaptive control and its application in the industrial environment. The proposed MIMO-APC (MIMO adaptive predictive controller) performance is validated with two simulated processes: a quadrotor drone and the quadruple tank process. In the first experiment the proposed MIMO APC shows ISE-IAE-ITAE performance indices improvements of up to 25%, 25.4% and 38.9%, respectively. For the quadruple tank process the water levels in the lower tanks follow closely the set points, with the exception of a 13% overshoot in tank 1 for the minimum phase behavior response. The controller responses show significant performance improvements when compared with previously published MIMO control strategies.

Controle multivariável aplicado ao conversor back-to-back

10.34019/ufjf/di/2021/00171 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Igor Dias Neto de Souza

Keyword(s):

Linear Quadratic ◽

Multiple Outputs ◽

Single Output ◽

Single Input

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do conversor back-to-back (BTB) na perspectiva multivariável. Sistemas multivariáveis possuem algumas características particulares e, portanto, diferentes de plantas com única entrada e única saída (do inglês, single-input- single-output) (SISO). Logo, antes de estudar o BTB como um sistema de múltiplas entradas e múltiplas saídas (do inglês, multiple-inputs multiple-outputs) (MIMO), o trabalho revisita os principais conceitos de sistemas MIMO e apresenta diretrizes para analisar e controlar sistemas eletrônicos de potência multivariáveis. A principal diferença entre a análise de sistemas SISO e MIMO é a presença de direções. Sistemas MIMO lidam com vetores e, por este motivo, o ganho saída/entrada além de depender da frequência é afetado pela direção do vetor de entrada. Neste sentido, o conceito de valor singular máximo e mínimo são abordados como parte fundamental na análise e controle de plantas multivariáveis. Com a decomposição de valores singulares encontra-se as direções nas quais um sistema não-quadrado não pode ser controlado. A partir de outros conceitos, é possível definir, em plantas que possuem mais saídas que entradas, quais variáveis de saída não podem ser controladas. Neste trabalho é adotado o controle centralizado uma vez que é possível otimizar todo o sistema de controle, o que não é factível na estratégia descentralizada. Neste contexto, o regulador linear quadrático (do inglês, linear quadratic regulator) (LQR) se torna uma alternativa interessante devido às suas propriedades de robustez, desempenho e fácil implementação. O BTB é estudado em duas diferentes aplicações: i) conectado a duas redes elétricas de corrente alternada (CA) e ii) alimentando cargas isoladas. Para cada topologia um modelo detalhado em espaço de estados é desenvolvido e suas principais características analisadas através de ferramentas MIMO. Um projeto sistemático é proposto para direcionar a escolha das matrizes de pesos do LQR utilizado para projetar a lei de controle de ambas estruturas. O critério é baseado na análise da resposta em frequência dos valores singulares das matrizes de sensibilidade, de sensibilidade complementar, de sensibilidade a distúrbios e na minimização de suas normas infinitas. Resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar a abordagem teórica e verificar a eficácia do controle proposto.

A Review on Comparative Remarks, Performance Evaluation and Improvement Strategies of Quadrotor Controllers

Technologies ◽

10.3390/technologies9020037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Rupal Roy ◽

Maidul Islam ◽

Nafiz Sadman ◽

M. A. Parvez Mahmud ◽

Kishor Datta Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feedback Linearization ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Approximation Error ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Training Data ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Control Technologies

The quadrotor is an ideal platform for testing control strategies because of its non-linearity and under-actuated configuration, allowing researchers to evaluate and verify control strategies. Several control strategies are used, including Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Backstepping, Feedback Linearization Control (FLC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and Model Predictive Control (MPC), Neural Network, H-infinity, Fuzzy Logic, and Adaptive Control. However, due to several drawbacks, such as high computation, a large amount of training data, approximation error, and the existence of uncertainty, the commercialization of those control technologies in various industrial applications is currently limited. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the current literature on the effects of multiple controllers on quadrotors, focusing on two separate approaches: (i) controller hybridization and (ii) controller development. Besides, the limitations of the previous works are discussed, challenges and opportunities to work in this field are assessed, and potential research directions are suggested.

Stabilizing and Swinging-Up the Inverted Pendulum Using PI and PID Controllers Based on Reduced Linear Quadratic Regulator Tuned by PSO

International Journal of System Dynamics Applications ◽

10.4018/ijsda.2015100104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 52-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. E. Mousa ◽

M. A. Ebrahim ◽

M. A. Moustafa Hassan

Keyword(s):

Pid Controller ◽

Inverted Pendulum ◽

Research Work ◽

Nonlinear Problems ◽

Pid Controllers ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Feed Forward ◽

Forward Gain

The inherited instabilities in the Inverted Pendulum (IP) system make it one of the most difficult nonlinear problems in the control theory. In this research work, Proportional –Integral and Derivative (PID) Controller with a feed forward gain is used with Reduced Linear Quadratic Regulator (RLQR) for stabilizing the Cart Position and Swinging-up the Pendulum angle. Tuning the Controllers' gains is achieved by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Technique. Obtaining the combined PID controllers' gains with a feed forward gain and RLQR is a multi-dimensions control problem. The Proposed Controllers give minimum Settling Time, Rise Time, Undershoot and Over shoot for both the Cart Position and the Pendulum angle. A disturbance with different amplitudes is applied to the system, and the results showed the robustness of the systems based on the tuned controllers. The overall results are promising.

Harmonic Current Distortion Using the Linear Quadratic Regulator for a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.29.1.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oscar Andrew Zongo ◽

Anant Oonsivilai

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Harmonic Distortion ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Voltage Source ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Grid Current ◽

Harmonic Currents ◽

Low Pass ◽

Low Pass Filters

This paper presents a comparison between a proportional-integral controller, low pass filters, and the linear quadratic regulator in dealing with the task of eliminating harmonic currents in the grid-connected photovoltaic system. A brief review of the existing methods applied to mitigate harmonic currents is presented. The Perturb & Observe technique was employed for maximum power point tracking. The PI control, low pass filters, and the linear quadratic regulator are discussed in detail in terms of their control strategies. The grid current was analyzed in the system with all three of the controllers applied to control the voltage source inverter of the solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid through an L filter and LCL filter and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results obtained have proven the robustness of the linear quadratic regulator over other methods. The technique lowers the grid current total harmonic distortion from 7.85% to 2.13%.

A Mixed Sideslip Yaw Rate Stability Controller for Over-Actuated Vehicles

10.1115/detc2021-68260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Gimondi ◽

Matteo Corno ◽

Sergio M. Savaresi

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Reference Signal ◽

Stability Control ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Yaw Rate ◽

Single Output ◽

Precise Knowledge ◽

Mixed Approach

Abstract Electronic stability control (ESC) has become a fundamental safety feature for passenger cars. Commonly employed ESCs are based on differential braking. Nevertheless, electric vehicles’ growth, particularly those featuring an over-actuated configuration with individual wheel motors, allows for maintaining driveability without slowing down the vehicle. Standard control strategies are based on yaw rate tracking. The reference signal is model-based and needs precise knowledge of the friction coefficient. To increase the system robustness, more sophisticated approaches that include vehicle sideslip are introduced. Still, it is unclear how the two signals have to be weighted, and rarely proposed controllers have been experimentally validated. In this paper, we present a mixed sideslip and yaw rate stability controller. The mixed approach allows to address the control design as a single-input single-output problem simplifying the tuning process. Furthermore, we explain the rationale behind the choice of the weighting parameter. Eventually, the proposed ESC is validated following EU regulation in simulation and with an experimental vehicle on dry asphalt and snow. The results obtained in all the performed tests demonstrate that the proposed control strategy is robust and effective. The mixed approach is able to halve the sideslip in critical conditions with respect to a pure yaw rate approach.