Airborne Fungi in Tabriz, Comparing Airborne and Clinical Samples of <italic>A. fumigatus</italic> (2011), Survey and Literature Review

IntroductionThe idea that some people may not be able to control their stealing impulses emerged in 1838, when Esquirol and Marc coined the term Kleptomanie. Although there are not many studies regarding this issue, becoming therefore difficult to establish epidemiological data, various clinical samples suggest a high prevalence of the disorder. As the problem most likely become chronic when left untreated, the diagnostic approach is very important.AimsLiterature review and discussion about kleptomania, regarding a case report.MethodsClinical interviews and literature review in PUBMED database.Results (case report)Female patient, 62 years, with history of Personality Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder, confesses in psychiatric appointment that she had been caught stealing. She says that she has this “addiction to steal” since childhood, always stealing cheap stuff, that she does not need, usually giving it away to other people. She has this behavior as she feels an unexpected and irresistible impulse to steal, with increasing anxiety, which relieves when action is consumed. Afterwards she experiences feelings of shame and guilt. The patient symptoms appear to get worse in depressive relapses.ConclusionsRegarding individual, family and social impact of kleptomania is essential to assess it and to treat it promptly. Most of the patients are ashamed of their behavior, so they may not self-report. There are few and controversial data concerning treatment, but it is widely accepted that co-morbidity with mood disorders or substance use disorders is common and may interfere with treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Histopathological evaluation of chromoblastomycosis: A literature review

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i6.16027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e47410616027

Author(s):

Mateus Cardoso do Amaral ◽

André dos Santos Carvalho ◽

Even Herlany Pereira Alves ◽

Hélio Mateus Silva Nascimento ◽

Ayane Araújo Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Positive Diagnosis ◽

Histopathological Evaluation ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Subcutaneous Mycoses ◽

Microbiological Analyses

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a cutaneous or subcutaneous mycoses. The trauma occurs when the fungus is installed and is more prevalent in individuals living in tropical and subtropical regions, with earliest descriptions dating back to 1920. The diagnosis of CBM is based on the incidence of cases in the endemic areas and is commonly reached through microbiological analyses to identify the etiologic agent in clinical samples. The process for the analysis of the collected samples allows one to visualise the muriform cells, which are brown, rounded structures having crossed chambers and that can be commonly called sclerotic bodies, characterising the positive diagnosis. The objective of this review was to verify the connection of the histopathological techniques to the diagnosis of CBM.

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Clinical Symptoms and Types of Samples Are Critical Factors for the Molecular Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/5528786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Milad Zandi ◽

Abbas Farahani ◽

Armin Zakeri ◽

Sara Akhavan Rezayat ◽

Ramin Mohammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

False Negative ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Molecular Evaluation

Background. Currently, a novel coronavirus found in 2019 known as SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various parameters including clinical manifestations and molecular evaluation can affect the accuracy of diagnosis. This review aims to discuss the various clinical symptoms and molecular evaluation results in COVID-19 patients, to point out the importance of onset symptoms, type, and timing of the sampling, besides the methods that are used for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods. A systematic literature review of current articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. Results. Of the 12946 patients evaluated in this investigation, 7643 were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive by molecular techniques, particularly the RT-PCR/qPCR combined technique (qRT-PCR). In most of the studies, all of the enrolled cases had 100% positive results for molecular evaluation. Among the COVID-19 patients who were identified as such by positive PCR results, most of them showed fever or cough as the primary clinical signs. Less common symptoms observed in clinically confirmed cases were hemoptysis, bloody sputum, mental disorders, and nasal congestion. The most common clinical samples for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were obtained from throat, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs, while tears and conjunctival secretions seem to be the least common clinical samples for COVID-19 diagnosis among studies. Also, different conserved SARS-CoV-2 gene sequences could be targeted for qRT-PCR detection. The suggested molecular assay being used by most laboratories for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is qRT-PCR. Conclusion. There is a worldwide concern on the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of well-managed global control. Hence, it is crucial to update the molecular diagnostics protocols for handling the situation. This is possible by understanding the available advances in assays for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Good sampling procedure and using samples with enough viral loads, also considering the onset symptoms, may reduce the qRT-PCR false-negative results in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Selection of the most efficient primer-probe for target genes and samples containing enough viral loads to search for the existence of SARS-CoV-2 helps detecting the virus on time using qRT-PCR.

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Detection of viruses by electron microscopy: Increased sensitivity by direct micro-ultracentrifugation of samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128821 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 908-909

Author(s):

Alain R. Trudel ◽

M. Trudel

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Observation Time ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Structural Details ◽

Latex Spheres ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Size Of Particles

AirfugeR (Beckman) direct ultracentrifugation of viral samples on electron microscopy grids offers a rapid way to concentrate viral particles or subunits and facilitate their detection and study. Using the A-100 fixed angle rotor (30°) with a K factor of 19 at maximum speed (95 000 rpm), samples up to 240 μl can be prepared for electron microscopy observation in a few minutes: observation time is decreased and structural details are highlighted. Using latex spheres to calculate the increase in sensitivity compared to the inverted drop procedure, we obtained a 10 to 40 fold increase in sensitivity depending on the size of particles. This technique also permits quantification of viral particles in samples if an aliquot is mixed with latex spheres of known concentration.Direct ultracentrifugation for electron microscopy can be performed on laboratory samples such as gradient or column fractions, infected cell supernatant, or on clinical samples such as urine, tears, cephalo-rachidian liquid, etc..

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Effect of Computerized Auditory Training on Speech Perception of Adults With Hearing Impairment

Perspectives on Aural Rehabilitation and Its Instrumentation ◽

10.1044/arri20.3.91 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 91-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rachel Pizarek ◽

Valeriy Shafiro ◽

Patricia McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Literature Review ◽

Low Cost ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Auditory Training ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

Communicative Disorders ◽

And Training

Computerized auditory training (CAT) is a convenient, low-cost approach to improving communication of individuals with hearing loss or other communicative disorders. A number of CAT programs are being marketed to patients and audiologists. The present literature review is an examination of evidence for the effectiveness of CAT in improving speech perception in adults with hearing impairments. Six current CAT programs, used in 9 published studies, were reviewed. In all 9 studies, some benefit of CAT for speech perception was demonstrated. Although these results are encouraging, the overall quality of available evidence remains low, and many programs currently on the market have not yet been evaluated. Thus, caution is needed when selecting CAT programs for specific patients. It is hoped that future researchers will (a) examine a greater number of CAT programs using more rigorous experimental designs, (b) determine which program features and training regimens are most effective, and (c) indicate which patients may benefit from CAT the most.

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Taking Care of Children After Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi13.3.79 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Haarbauer-Krupa

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Literature Review ◽

School Setting ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Educational Information ◽

Taking Care

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.

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