scholarly journals Histopathological evaluation of chromoblastomycosis: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e47410616027
Author(s):  
Mateus Cardoso do Amaral ◽  
André dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Even Herlany Pereira Alves ◽  
Hélio Mateus Silva Nascimento ◽  
Ayane Araújo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycoses ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a cutaneous or subcutaneous mycoses. The trauma occurs when the fungus is installed and is more prevalent in individuals living in tropical and subtropical regions, with earliest descriptions dating back to 1920. The diagnosis of CBM is based on the incidence of cases in the endemic areas and is commonly reached through microbiological analyses to identify the etiologic agent in clinical samples. The process for the analysis of the collected samples allows one to visualise the muriform cells, which are brown, rounded structures having crossed chambers and that can be commonly called sclerotic bodies, characterising the positive diagnosis. The objective of this review was to verify the connection of the histopathological techniques to the diagnosis of CBM.

Candida spp. In linear gingival erythema lesions in HIV- infeceted children: reports of six cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Barbosa Portela,
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Linear gingival erythema (LGE), formally referred as HIV-gingivitis, is the most common form of HIV-associated periodontal disease in HIV-infection. These lesions were recently evaluated as a possible form of erythematous oral candidosis, mainly caused by Candida albicans. Other species are also being associated such as C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. dubliniensis, that was identified in some HIV-infected subjects. This case report demonstrates the presence of typical LGE lesions in six HIV-infected children, also investigates the etiologic agent by microbiological exams and correlates this oral manifestation with patients’ systemic conditions. Microbiological analyses showed positive growth for Candida spp in all patients, all of whom had severe imunessupression. After antifungal medication, the regression of lesions could be note. The presence of LGE in pediatric patients with AIDS may indicate its feature as a predictive marker in progression of HIV-infection in children.

scholarly journals The perception, beliefs and practices toward genitourinary schistosomiasis by inhabitants of selected endemic areas (Edo/Delta States) in south-eastern Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Callistus D. Ukwandu ◽  
O. P. G. Nmorsi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Well-structured questionnaire on the perception, impression and response to genitourinary bilharziasis (Genitourinary schistosomiasis) was administered and explained in local languages: 'Igbo' 'Esan' 'Ezon' Itshekiri and Bini to 33815 inhabitants of selected endemic areas in south-eastern Nigeria from January, 1999 to December, 2001. Out of this number, 3815 (11.3%) were properly filled and returned. About 42.0% of the inhabitants admitted knowledge of the disease, while 14 (0.4%) knew about the aetiologic agent. About 181 (5.0%) who responded, admitted procuring treatment, while 100 (5.0%) declined to seek treatment of any sort. The relationships between water-bodies and human activities, and infection were well discussed. Amongst those who admitted knowledge of the disease but no knowledge of its etiologic agent, declined seeking treatment of any kind, but believe the disease is a natural phenomenon in ones developmental stage and therefore of no morbidity and mortality. Laboratory analysis of urine, faeces, semen and HVS was employed to assess questionnaire responses, and in some cases, physical examination was utilized to augment laboratory analysis in confirming urinal diagnosis. Haematuria was only directly related to egg count in the early part of life. Females were significantly haematuric and excreted more ova than males (p < 0.05). Headache (43.0%) and fever (31.0%) were major clinical signs while sexual pains (22.0%) were the least.

scholarly journals First Case of Subcutaneous Mycoses Caused by Dirkmeia churashimaensis and a Literature Review of Human Ustilaginales Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengming Hu ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Qing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
First Case ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycoses ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Present Case Study

ObjectiveDirkmeia churashimaensis, belonging to Ustilaginales fungi, has never been reported as clinical pathogenic until very recently. In this study, we report an unusual subcutaneous infection with Dirkmeia churashimaensis and reviewed all human Ustilaginales infections. The aim is to better understand their epidemiology, infection type, risk factors, and the sensitivity to antifungal agents.MethodsAn 80-year-old female farmer developed extensive plaques and nodules on her left arm within 2 years. Pathological and microbiological examinations identified a new pathological agent, Dirkmeia churashimaensis, as the cause of this infection. The patient was successfully cured by oral itraconazole. We reviewed a total of 31 cases of Ustilaginales cases, among of which only three were skin infections.ResultsLocal barrier damage (i.e., surgery, trauma, and basic dermatosis) and systemic immunodeficiency (i.e., preterm and low birthweight, Crohn’s disease, malignant cancer, and chemotherapy) are risk factors for Ustilaginales infection. The D1/D2 and ITS regions are the frequently used loci for identifying the pathogens together with phenotype. Most patients could survive due to antifungal treatment, whereas seven patients died. Amphotericin B, posaconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole showed good activity against these reported strains, whereas fluconazole, 5-flucytosine, and echinocandins usually showed low susceptibility. Itraconazole had good efficiency for subcutaneous infections.ConclusionsThe present case study and literature review reveal that Ustilaginales can be opportunistic pathogenic normally in immunocompromised and barrier damage people. A proper identification of fungi can be crucial for clinical treatment, and more data of antifungal are needed for choice of medication against this kind of infections.

scholarly journals Airborne Fungi in Tabriz, Comparing Airborne and Clinical Samples of A. fumigatus (2011), Survey and Literature Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhassan Kazemi ◽  
Ehssan Ahmadpour ◽  
Behroz Naghili ◽  
Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi ◽  
Abbasali Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Clinical Samples

scholarly journals An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohireh Taei ◽  
Mostafa Chadeganipour ◽  
Rasoul Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Abstract Objective: Yeasts are opportunistic microorganisms can cause human fungal infection among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to identify Candida species and uncommon yeasts obtained from clinical specimens in Kashani university hospital and Shefa Lab as a referral medical mycology laboratory, in Isfahan, Iran, by combination of various molecular techniques. Results: A total of 202 yeast strains were isolated from 341 clinical samples between February 2017 to May 2019. All clinical isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular tests. PCR-RFLP, duplex-PCR, multiplex-PCR, and PCR-sequencing were applied for molecular identification of yeasts. The most clinical samples were obtained from urine (66.8%), nail (9.4%), bronchoalveolar lavage (5.9%), sore (4.4%), and blood (3.9%). One hundred and twenty-one Candida species were identified as non- albicans against 76 Candida albicans. Trichosporon asahii, and Pichia terricola were uncommon non- Candida yeasts isolated from urine samples. For the first time, we isolated P. terricola as etiologic agent of urinary tract infection in a pregnant female. Since non- albicans Candida species and non- Candida yeasts have various virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile, precise molecular identification can help us to reach to the advantageous strategies for treatment of these fungal infections.

Cutaneous Involvement in the Deep Mycoses: A Literature Review. Part I—Subcutaneous Mycoses

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 806-815
Author(s):  
J.E. Carrasco-Zuber ◽  
C. Navarrete-Dechent ◽  
A. Bonifaz ◽  
F. Fich ◽  
V. Vial-Letelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cutaneous Involvement ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycoses

Tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica – an unusual cause of stridor

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Natt ◽  
T Helliwell ◽  
M McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectives:A case of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica causing sub-glottic stenosis is described.Study design:Case report and literature review.Materials and methods:A 37-year-old man presented with a 15-year history of gradually worsening dyspnoea and stridor due to sub-glottic stenosis. His medical and radiographic records were reviewed. This patient's presentation, histopathological findings and radiology images are presented and discussed.Results:Histopathological evaluation of microlaryngoscopy biopsy specimens, taken during laser debulking of the stenosis, confirmed the presence of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of sub-glottic stenosis caused by tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica which required an urgent tracheostomy.

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine Torovirus and other Enteric Pathogens in Feces from Diarrhea Cases in Cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando E. Hoet ◽  
Paul R. Nielsen ◽  
Mustafa Hasoksuz ◽  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Thomas E. Wittum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine torovirus (BoTV) in bovine fecal samples from diarrhea cases submitted to the Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL) and to assess if a relationship exists between BoTV and the other enteric pathogens detected. From November 1999 to May 2001, 259 specimens from 53 calves (≤6 months old), 27 young adults (≤2 years), 125 adults (≥2 years), and 54 animals of unknown age were examined by an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed to detect BoTV Testing for other enteric pathogens was performed by ADDL, and the results were analyzed with the BoTV data. The BoTV was detected using ELISA or RT-PCR in 9.7% (25/259) of the clinical samples, 56% (14/25) of which were from calves ( P < 0.001) representing 26.4% (14/53) of the calves tested. Of the BoTV-positive calves, 71% (10/14) were less than 3 weeks of age. In 11/25 positive specimens, BoTV was the only pathogen detected among those examined. Other enteric organisms detected alone or in combination with BoTV in calf samples were rotavirus, coronavirus, Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.; but no consistent association between BoTV and these organisms was observed. In summary, BoTV was detected in fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea, principally in young calves less than 3 weeks of age. Future studies of infectious diarrhea in cattle should also include assays for this etiologic agent.

scholarly journals Novel mutations in NSP-1 and PLPro of SARS-CoV-2 NIB-1 genome mount for effective therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uzzal Hossain ◽  
Arittra Bhattacharjee ◽  
Md. Tabassum Hossain Emon ◽  
Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury ◽  
Ishtiaque Ahammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 ◽  
Conserved Residue

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is rapidly acquiring new mutations. Analysis of these mutations is necessary for gaining knowledge regarding different aspects of therapeutic development. Previously, we have reported a Sanger method-based genome sequence of a viral isolate named SARS-CoV-2 NIB-1, circulating in Bangladesh. The genome has four novel non-synonymous mutations in V121D, V843F, A889V, and G1691C positions. Results Using different computational tools, we have found V121D substitution has the potential to destabilize the non-structural protein-1 (NSP-1). NSP-1 inactivates the type-1 interferon-induced antiviral system. Hence, this mutant could be a basis of attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. V843F, A889V, and G1691C are all located in nonstructural protein-3 (NSP-3). G1691C can decrease the flexibility of the protein. V843F and A889V might change the binding pattern and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLPro) inhibitor GRL0617. V843F substitution in PLPro was the most prevalent mutation in the clinical samples. This mutation showed a reduced affinity for interferon-stimulated gene-15 protein (ISG-15) and might have an impact on innate immunity and viral spread. However, V843F+A889V double mutant exhibited the same binding affinity as wild type PLPro. A possible reason behind this phenomenon can be that V843F is a conserved residue of PLPro which damaged the protease structure, but A889V, a less conserved residue, presumably neutralized that damage. Conclusions Mutants of NSP-1 could provide attenuated vaccines against coronavirus. Also, these mutations of PLPro might be targeted to develop better anti-SARS therapeutics. We hope our study will help to get better insides during the development of attenuated vaccine and PLPro inhibitors.

scholarly journals Real-Time PCR Assays for Rapid Identification of Common Aphanomyces astaci Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Domenico ◽  
Valentina Curini ◽  
Riccardo Caprioli ◽  
Carla Giansante ◽  
Agata Mrugała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci

The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is the etiologic agent of crayfish plague, a disease that has seriously impacted the populations of European native crayfish species. The introduction of non-indigenous crayfish of North American origin and their wide distribution across Europe have largely contributed to spread of crayfish plague in areas populated by indigenous crayfish. Tracking A. astaci genotypes may thus be a useful tool for investigating the natural history of crayfish plague in its European range, as well as the sources and introduction pathways of the pathogen. In this study, we describe the development of real-time PCR TaqMan assays aiming to distinguish the five genotype groups of A. astaci (A–E) previously defined by their distinct RAPD patterns. The method was evaluated using DNA extracts from pure A. astaci cultures representing the known genotype groups, and from A. astaci-positive crayfish clinical samples collected mostly during crayfish plague outbreaks that recently occurred in Central Italy and Czechia. The assays do not cross-react with each other, and those targeting genotype groups A, B, D, and E seem sufficiently specific to genotype the pathogen from infected crayfish in the areas invaded by A. astaci (particularly Europe). The unusual A. astaci genotype “SSR-Up” documented from crayfish plague outbreaks in Czechia and chronically infected Pontastacus leptodactylus in the Danube is detected by the group B real-time PCR. The assay originally developed to detect group C (one not yet documented from crayfish plague outbreaks) showed cross-reactivity with Aphanomyces fennicus; the A. astaci genotype “rust1” described in the United States from Faxonius rusticus is detected by that assay as well. Analyses of additional markers (such as sequencing of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer or mitochondrial ribosomal subunits) may complement such cases when the real-time PCR-based genotyping is not conclusive. Despite some limitations, the method is a robust tool for fast genotyping of A. astaci genotype groups common in Europe, both during crayfish plague outbreaks and in latent infections.

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