scholarly journals Teorie principála a agenta a její využití při popisu vztahu volič–zástupce

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-242
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Pospíšilová
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theory Of Democracy ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

This review article is focused on the rising framework of principal-agent analysis in political science. It aims to map the most influential studies and answer the question of whether this concept is adequate to describe the quality of the relationship between voters and their representatives. It is obvious that using the principal-agent framework leads to oversimplification. The economic theory of democracy is not a new model; nevertheless, using the game theoretic approach requires several adjustments. The adaptation of the main premises of the concept to the political reality should open new research questions with respect to the voter–elected officials relationship. Most principal–agent studies in empirical political science are focused on all links in the delegation chain but the first one. In my opinion, the link between voters and their representatives in a democracy is the fundamental one. Describing it using the tools of principal-agent theory could help scholars better understand current changes in the structure of political parties and voter behaviour.

scholarly journals eGAP: An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Approach to Random Forest Pruning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Khaled Fawagreh ◽  
Mohamed Medhat Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

To make healthcare available and easily accessible, the Internet of Things (IoT), which paved the way to the construction of smart cities, marked the birth of many smart applications in numerous areas, including healthcare. As a result, smart healthcare applications have been and are being developed to provide, using mobile and electronic technology, higher diagnosis quality of the diseases, better treatment of the patients, and improved quality of lives. Since smart healthcare applications that are mainly concerned with the prediction of healthcare data (like diseases for example) rely on predictive healthcare data analytics, it is imperative for such predictive healthcare data analytics to be as accurate as possible. In this paper, we will exploit supervised machine learning methods in classification and regression to improve the performance of the traditional Random Forest on healthcare datasets, both in terms of accuracy and classification/regression speed, in order to produce an effective and efficient smart healthcare application, which we have termed eGAP. eGAP uses the evolutionary game theoretic approach replicator dynamics to evolve a Random Forest ensemble. Trees of high resemblance in an initial Random Forest are clustered, and then clusters grow and shrink by adding and removing trees using replicator dynamics, according to the predictive accuracy of each subforest represented by a cluster of trees. All clusters have an initial number of trees that is equal to the number of trees in the smallest cluster. Cluster growth is performed using trees that are not initially sampled. The speed and accuracy of the proposed method have been demonstrated by an experimental study on 10 classification and 10 regression medical datasets.

Equilibrium and incentives for supervisor–postgraduate collaborations: A game-theoretic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1729-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Gou ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Juzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Incentive Strategies ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

In most universities, supervisors collaborate with their postgraduate students in writing papers. As a consequence, the relationship between supervisors and postgraduates in the collaborative work becomes the most important one among various relationships between them. In this paper, using a game model, we show that in the current educational system of China, there is a dilemma between supervisors and their postgraduates for their collaborative work – in most cases, either the supervisor or the students will not spend any effort in their joint work. After that, we also investigate whether the two common incentive strategies, i.e., (i) incentives to students, and (ii) incentives to faculties, can solve this dilemma. Our results show that a university can solve the problem by either (i) just using strong incentives to postgraduate students, or (ii) by using a combination of a normal incentive to students and a strong incentive to faculties. Also, we find that when the incentives to the students and to the faculties are below a certain level, all incentives will be just in vain – neither can they improve the serious relationship between supervisors and their postgraduates, nor can they improve the paper quality.

scholarly journals Research on manufacturer encroachment with advertising and design of incentive advertising: A game-theoretic approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Ma ◽  
Yalan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Cooperative Advertising ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
First Mover Advantage ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach ◽  
Decision Power ◽  
First Mover

This paper studies the advertising decision regarding a supply chain with manufacturer encroachment. It is assumed that the manufacturer and the retailer have different quantity decision power so as to explore how the first-mover advantage affect the advertising decision and the manufacturer encroachment. It is known that the manufacturer encroachment usually makes the retailer worse off. Our results show that (1) the retailer can benefit from encroachment when the manufacturer’s direct selling cost is high and the manufacturer does not have first-mover advantage of quantity decision; (2) the manufacturer can benefit from encroachment if his advertising effectiveness is high; (3) the encroachment may lead to a lose-lose result if the manufacturer has the first-mover advantage and his advertising effectiveness is not relative high; (4) the manufacturer may be worse off if his direct selling cost is intermediate no matter who has the first-mover advantage of quantity decision. Thus, the manufacturer should be more careful about the relationship between him and the retailer. Additionally, we consider two ways of advertising cooperation. Results shows that which type of cooperation is better depends on the relative advertising effectiveness. Furthermore, we propose an incentive cooperative advertising scheme which makes all players get higher profits.

scholarly journals A game theoretic power control and spectrum sharing approach using cost dominance in cognitive radio networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e617
Author(s):  
Sundus Naseer ◽  
Qurratul-Ain Minhas ◽  
Khalid Saleem ◽  
Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui ◽  
Naeem Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

The wireless networks face challenges in efficient utilization of bandwidth due to paucity of resources and lack of central management, which may result in undesired congestion. The cognitive radio (CR) paradigm can bring efficiency, better utilization of bandwidth, and appropriate management of limited resources. While the CR paradigm is an attractive choice, the CRs selfishly compete to acquire and utilize available bandwidth that may ultimately result in inappropriate power levels, causing degradation in network’s Quality of Service (QoS). A cooperative game theoretic approach can ease the problem of spectrum sharing and power utilization in a hostile and selfish environment. We focus on the challenge of congestion control that results in inadequate and uncontrolled access of channels and utilization of resources. The Nash equilibrium (NE) of a cooperative congestion game is examined by considering the cost basis, which is embedded in the utility function. The proposed algorithm inhibits the utility, which leads to the decrease in aggregate cost and global function maximization. The cost dominance is a pivotal agent for cooperation in CRs that results in efficient power allocation. Simulation results show reduction in power utilization due to improved management in cognitive radio resource allocation.

Economic Methods in Positive Political Theory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Austen-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Preference Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Collective Preference ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

This article focuses on economic methods in political science, specifically on positive political theory. It provides a sketch of the two canonical approaches to developing a positive political theory: collective preference theory and game theory. It is argued that these two techniques are distinguished by their trade-offs, despite having some clear formal differences. The article also considers other specific techniques within the game-theoretic approach, which are designed to accommodate two important analytical characteristics that are distinctive to political science.

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