Microscopic mechanisms of cooperative communications within single nanocatalysts

Catalysis is a method of accelerating chemical reactions that is critically important for fundamental research as well as for industrial applications. It has been recently discovered that catalytic reactions on metal nanoparticles exhibit cooperative effects. The mechanism of these observations, however, remains not well understood. In this work, we present a theoretical investigation on possible microscopic origin of cooperative communications in nanocatalysts. In our approach, the main role is played by positively charged holes on metal surfaces. A corresponding discrete-state stochastic model for the dynamics of holes is developed and explicitly solved. It is shown that the observed spatial correlation lengths are given by the average distances migrated by the holes before they disappear, while the temporal memory is determined by their lifetimes. Our theoretical approach is able to explain the universality of cooperative communications as well as the effect of external electric fields. Theoretical predictions are in agreement with experimental observations. The proposed theoretical framework quantitatively clarifies some important aspects of the microscopic mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysis.

Cooperative Selection and Communications for Internet of Everything in 6G Ultra-mMTC IoT Networks

<p>Although Cooperative Communications (CC) already exists in 4G LTE/5G, performance improvement is just not enough, hence, how to apply collaborative technology in 6G to achieve Internet of Everything and improve communication quality significantly is one of most important issues. As 5G communications standard has gradually established recently, CC has been one of most critical communication technologies which plays a founding role on Internet of Everything in 6G networks. Thus, in this study we propose new 6G enabled ultra-massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) framework based on space-ground integrated networks, and consider that collaborative ideology has been regarded as foundation theory which widely exists in future multiple hybrid scenarios, such as, Cognitive-Internet of Things (C-IoT) networks, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) communications, air-space-ground integrated networks, underwater acoustic communication and so on. Besides, we discuss other key communication technologies that are closely combined with unique communication scenes, and elaborate critical problems that shall be solved in 6G ultra-mMTC Internet of Everything networks. Furthermore, we discuss extreme low-complexity and fast ultra-massive relays selection algorithm to apply in all sorts of future 6G scenarios. At last, it is concluded that for arbitrary two communication points (source/destination devices, sensors, relays, IoT nodes and so on), ideology of nodes selection of collaborative communication is theory of foundation to realize and optimize communication transmission in 6G Internet of Everything ultra-mMTC networks. </p>

Cooperative Selection and Communications for Internet of Everything in 6G Ultra-mMTC IoT Networks

<p>Although Cooperative Communications (CC) already exists in 4G LTE/5G, performance improvement is just not enough, hence, how to apply collaborative technology in 6G to achieve Internet of Everything and improve communication quality significantly is one of most important issues. As 5G communications standard has gradually established recently, CC has been one of most critical communication technologies which plays a founding role on Internet of Everything in 6G networks. Thus, in this study we propose new 6G enabled ultra-massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) framework based on space-ground integrated networks, and consider that collaborative ideology has been regarded as foundation theory which widely exists in future multiple hybrid scenarios, such as, Cognitive-Internet of Things (C-IoT) networks, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) communications, air-space-ground integrated networks, underwater acoustic communication and so on. Besides, we discuss other key communication technologies that are closely combined with unique communication scenes, and elaborate critical problems that shall be solved in 6G ultra-mMTC Internet of Everything networks. Furthermore, we discuss extreme low-complexity and fast ultra-massive relays selection algorithm to apply in all sorts of future 6G scenarios. At last, it is concluded that for arbitrary two communication points (source/destination devices, sensors, relays, IoT nodes and so on), ideology of nodes selection of collaborative communication is theory of foundation to realize and optimize communication transmission in 6G Internet of Everything ultra-mMTC networks. </p>

Detection and Cooperative Communications for Deployment Sensor Networks

In a sensor network, and more specifically with a single-hop deployment policy, sensor measurements contain a lot of redundancy either in the measurement dimensions of a single sensor, or between the measurement dimensions of different sensors due to of the spatial correlation either in the temporal dimension of the measurements. The goal is to reduce this redundancy by deploying fewer sensors, while ensuring high measurement accuracy and maximizing service life. The proposed method minimizes the complexity in terms of communication and calculation and maximizes the lifetime of the network based on an aggregation and consensus system to reduce the spatio-temporal dimension of the data captured and consequently the number of sensors deployed. The results show a visible performance compared to the standard method of transmission on the free platform of the COOJA/Contiki simulator allowing to simulate network connections of wireless sensors and to interact with them.