scholarly journals Diversity and species composition of diatom communities of Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Tereza Cahová ◽  
Barbora Chattová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diatom Communities ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
The Antarctic

The Antarctic diatom flora has been at the centre of interest of many studies in past decades. The present paper brings new information on the species richness, biogeography and community composition of diatoms on the Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands. One fresh-water and ten soil samples had been collected from the Antarctic Special protected area (ASPA) in the spring of 2019. The following analysis revealed eighty-six diatom taxa in well-developed communities, dominated by Luticola muticopsis, L. truncata, Pinnularia australoschoenfelderi, P. austroshetlandica and P. borealis. According to the current biogeographical knowledge, the majority of species have restricted distribution among the Antarctic Realm; 46.5% of them are reported from various islands of the Maritime Antarctic Region. Based on the dominance of species as Luticola muticopsis and L. truncata and their ecological preferences, we concluded that the species composition of the diatom communities is driven by high nutrient input from breeding seabirds and the moisture availability during the austral summer.

Ten new Bacillariophyta species from James Ross Island and the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic Region)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALITSA ZIDAROVA ◽  
KATEŘINA KOPALOVÁ ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
The South ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
James Ross Island ◽  
The Antarctic

The present paper describes 10 new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Maritime Antarctic Region. Five of the newly described taxa: Caloneis australis sp. nov., Mayamaea sweetloveana sp. nov., Navicula romanedwardii sp. nov., Sellaphora antarctica sp. nov. and Sellaphora gracillima sp. nov. have been previously reported from the Antarctic Region but were force-fitted into incorrect names. Five other taxa: Chamaepinnularia elliptica sp. nov., Cosmioneis regigeorgiensis sp. nov., Mayamaea tytgatiana sp. nov., Muelleria pimpireviana sp. nov. and Pinnularia pinseeliana sp. nov. are newly discovered taxa. The morphology of all new species is studied using both light and scanning electon microscope observations and compared with similar species from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Data about the ecology and confirmed Antarctic distribution of the new species are added.

scholarly journals Antarctic sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) of the South Shetland Islands and vicinity: part I. Spirophorida, Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Halichondrida and Haplosclerida

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Campos ◽  
Beatriz Mothes ◽  
Inga L. Veitenheimer Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Records ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Sponges

The aim of this work is to redescribe 11 species of sponges collected through the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR), at the South Shetland Islands and vicinity. New information is provided on the Antarctic sponge fauna, in regard to species richness and the geographical and bathymetric distributions of identified species. The following species were identified and are here illustrated and fully described: Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872), Cinachyra barbata Sollas, 1886, Craniella leptoderma (Sollas, 1886), Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907, Homaxinella balfourensis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880, Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915), Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905), Hemigellius bidens (Topsent, 1901) and Calyx arcuarius (Topsent, 1913). Two new records are given for the Antarctic continent: Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915) and Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905). Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880 and Hemigellius bidens (Topsent, 1901) represent the first records for this sector of the continent. Bathymetric data are extended for T. longispinum and H. attenuata.

Monitoring shipborne visitors in Antarctica: a preliminary field study

Polar Record ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (166) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Stonehouse
Keyword(s):  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Survey Team ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Treaty System

ABSTRACTDuring every austral summer since the International Geophysical Year 1957–58 several thousand scientists and support staff have worked in Antarctica. A more recent development is the annual advent of 4000–5000 tourists, who now probably outnumber expedition members in the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty System. Most tourists come by ship, visiting coastal areas of the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Orkney and South Shetland islands that arc readily accessible beween November and March: smaller numbers visit the Ross Dependency and Adelie Land sectors. This article reviews Antarctic Treaty and International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) attitudes to tourism, and outlines a preliminary study of shipborne tourism between late December 1991 and March 1992 on Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands. Within one month (January) a survey team from the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, recorded 14 visits by six tour ships, bringing more than 2000 tourists. In addition, attitudes and expectations of visitors were studied on five ships. Arising from this study, a programme of visitor monitoring is planned as a joint project between British, Chilean, and Argentine scientific institutions during the next five years. Objectives are to find ways of minimizing both short-term and long-term impacts of tourists and other visitors on breeding birds and other ecological communities, and to provide a factual basis for regulation under the Antarctic Treaty System.

A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo J. López-González ◽  
Gary C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
New Genus ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Southern Oceans

Only six of the thirty-three valid genera of sea pens have previously been recorded from the Southern Oceans (Subantarctic and Antarctic regions). The discovery of a new genus, Gilibelemnon, and new species, Gilibelemnon octodentatum, of stachyptilid sea pen is here reported from the South Shetland Islands, which makes a total of eight genera known to occur in the Southern Oceans and thirty-four genera of sea pens known worldwide. Diagnostic features of the new genus are described, including the presence of a clearly delimited dorsal and ventral naked track on the rachis, the calyces with eight long terminal teeth, the siphonozooids densely and irregularly distributed and the presence of three-flanged rods in the peduncle surface. A discussion of sea pen phylogeny and biogeography in the Antarctic region is also provided.

Humidophila komarekiana sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new limnoterrestrial diatom species from King George Island (Maritime Antarctica)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA KOCHMAN-KĘDZIORA ◽  
TERESA NOGA ◽  
RALITSA ZIDAROVA ◽  
KATEŘINA KOPALOVÁ ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Maritime Antarctica ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The Antarctic

During a survey of the non-marine diatom flora of King George Island (South Shetland Islands), an unknown Humidophila taxon was recorded. Detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the unknown taxon could not be identified based on the currently available literature. The new species is described as Humidophila komarekiana sp. nov. and is characterized in having strictly linear valves with parallel margins and broadly rounded, never protracted apices, a filiform raphe with almost indistinct, straight proximal and distal raphe endings. The striae are composed of one, irregularly shortened areola. The mantle areolae are interrupted at the apices. The new species is compared with similar taxa in the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Notes on the ecology of the new species are added.

The summer diet of demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuo Iwami
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Gobionotothen Gibberifrons ◽  
The Antarctic

The stomach contents of demersal fish in late January 1982 were analysed. Samples were taken at 100, 300 and 500 m depth south of Elephant Island, Bransfield Strait and north of Livingston Island, and at 800 m to the east of Smith Island. Fifty four taxa of fish belonging to 11 families were collected. The diets of 2101 fish representing 38 taxa were examined. These were classified into three categories, fish feeders, krill feeders and benthos feeders. Fish prey species fed on krill and/or benthos. Krill was a major dietary component for 32 (84.2%) out of 38 taxa. Gobionotothen gibberifrons was distributed at all 10 stations (100–800 m in depth) and its diet comprised krill and benthos. The present findings verify the importance of krill in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and indicate that krill is consumed by benthic fish at greater depths than previously reported.

Fur seals, whales and tourists: a commercial history of Deception Island, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Dibbern
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Fur Seals

ABSTRACTDeception Island in the South Shetland Islands was the site of some of the earliest commercial activity to be carried out in the Antarctic with the early 19th century hunting of Antarctic fur seals. Nearly a century later it was the site of the most extensive anchorage for the reconstructed ships and ocean liners used as non-pelagic whale processing factories. Deception was also the site of what is the only successful land based commercial activity in Antarctic history. The Hektor whaling station operated in Whalers Bay from 1912 until 1931. Most of the remains of the station have now been obliterated by the volcanic activity that occurred in the late 1960s and 1970. By the later part of the twentieth century Deception Island had become a regular stop for the growing Antarctic tourist cruise industry. No other place in Antarctica has been so thoroughly identified with commercial activity.

New trigonioid bivalves from the Early Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula region: systematics and austral paleobiogeography

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R. A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic

New discoveries of trigonioid bivalves are documented from three areas in the Antartic Peninsula: the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, the Latady Formation of the Orville Coast, and the Byers Group of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Eleven taxa are described, representing six genera or subgenera. The faunas are characterized by genera including Vaugonia (Vaugonia), the first Early Jurassic trigonioid recognized on the continent; Vaugonia (V.) and V. (Orthotrigonia?) in the Late Jurassic; and Iotrigonia (Iotrigonia), Myophorella (Scaphogonia), and Pterotrigonia (Pterotrigonia), which span the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, reaching the Berriasian stage. The following species are new: Pterotrigonia (P.) cramei n. sp., Pterotrigonia (P.) thomsoni n. sp., Vaugonia (V.) orvillensis n. sp., and V. (Orthotrigonia?) quiltyi n. sp. The faunas show affinities with those of New Zealand and southern Africa. Trigonioids characterize the shallower marine biofacies in the Jurassic of the Antarctic and reflect the principal shallowing events in the history of the region.

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