Secondary Substance and Quod Quid Erat Esse in advance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Polsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Substance

Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study of Lithium for Adolescent Bipolar Disorders With Secondary Substance Dependency

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA GELLER ◽  
THOMAS B. COOPER ◽  
KAI SUN ◽  
BETSY ZIMERMAN ◽  
JEANNE FRAZIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Secondary Substance

Calicium sequoiae, a new lichen species from north-western California, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron B. WILLIAMS ◽  
Leif TIBELL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Secondary Substance ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species

Abstract:We describe Calicium sequoiae as a new species of lichenized Ascomycota from north-western California, USA. The species is distinguished morphologically from other known members of Calicium by its stalks that react I+ blue, mature ascospores that are ornamented with spiral ridges, and apothecia that produce prominent white pruina. It is also the only Calicium known to produce thamnolic acid as a major secondary substance. Sequences from the ITS-region showed C. sequoiae to be unique among calicioid Physciaceae, and phylogenetic analysis positioned it close to C. adspersum, C. chlorosporum, C. lenticulare, Cyphelium notarisii, and C. tigillare. Thus far, Calicium sequoiae has been collected only from old-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forests, where it occurred on thick, fibrous bark of large redwood trees. A key to the 12 species of Calicium known from the Pacific Northwest is provided.

Validity of the Distinction Between Primary and Secondary Substance Use Disorder in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Data from the First 1000 STEP-BD Participants

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Fossey ◽  
Michael W. Otto ◽  
William R. Yates ◽  
Steve R. Wisniewski ◽  
Laszlo Gyulai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Secondary Substance

scholarly journals The amount of lichen secondary metabolites in Cladonia foliacea (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farkas ◽  
B. Biró ◽  
K. Szabó ◽  
K. Veres ◽  
Zs. Csintalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Mountain Grassland ◽  
Ecological Experiments ◽  
Secondary Substance

The terricolous species Cladonia foliacea (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) widely distributed in open, dry lowland steppe and rocky mountain grassland vegetation in Europe was chosen as a potential test organism for ecological experiments, since their thalli are producing cortical solar radiation-protective and UV screening pigment dibenzofuran usnic acid and medullary secondary substance depsidone fumarprotocetraric acid. Significant seasonal differences were found in the amounts of lichen secondary metabolites analysed by HPTLC and HPLC-PDA between summer and winter collected thalli in sandy grassland area in Hungary. The concentrations of usnic acid varied between 7.34 and 15.52 mg/g in summer collected samples and 13.90 and 21.61 mg/g in winter collected ones. A comparable amount (11.61±0.29 mg/g) was measured in pulverised samples. The concentrations of fumarprotocetraric acid varied between 0.60 and 3.01 mg/g in summer collected samples and 2.26 and 5.81 mg/g in winter collected thalli. A comparable amount (2.45±0.21 mg/g) was found in pulverised samples. The range of concentration values is comparable with data known from lichens. A higher amount of usnic acid is produced in winter probably to ensure sufficient protection also for summer. The fumarprotocetraric acid content of the medulla might contribute to the solar irradiation reflecting role of the pale lower surface lobes turning upwards in dry condition.

Adsorbent Culture of Tobacco Cell Suspensions with Different Adsorbents

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1040-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Maisch ◽  
B. Knoop ◽  
R. Beiderbeck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Tobacco Cell ◽  
Tobacco Cells ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Secondary Substance ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Abstract The release of secondary substances from plant cell suspensions can be enhanced by the addition of adsorbents to the culture medium. Tobacco cells react to a variety of different adsor­bents (Florisil. raw silk. Polyclar AT. and the adsorber resins XAD-4 and XAD-7) with important qualitative and quantitative changes of their secondary substance pattern, in some cases without changes of growth.

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